1, 2. Bibiliya igaragaza ite ubuzima bubi abantu barimo, kandi se ni iki kizatuma tubuvamo?

 “IBYAREMWE byose bikomeza gutaka, kandi bikababara” (Abaroma 8:22). Muri uwo murongo intumwa Pawulo yagaragaje ubuzima bugoye turimo. Abantu bashobora gutekereza ko nta kintu cyabakuriraho imibabaro, icyaha n’urupfu. Ariko kandi, Yehova si nk’umuntu ufite ubushobozi buciriritse (Kubara 23:19). Kubera ko ari Imana irangwa n’ubutabera yatanze incungu kugira ngo tuzakurirweho imibabaro.

² Incungu ni yo mpano ikomeye kurusha izindi zose Yehova yahaye abantu. Izatuma dukurirwaho icyaha n’urupfu (Abefeso 1:7). Ni yo izatuma tubona ubuzima bw’iteka, haba mu ijuru cyangwa ku isi izaba yahindutse paradizo (Luka 23:43; Yohana 3:16; 1 Petero 1:4). Mu by’ukuri se, incungu ni iki? Kandi se itwigisha iki ku birebana n’ubutabera bwa Yehova bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru?

3. (a) Kuki byaje kuba ngombwa ko hatangwa incungu? (b) Kuki Imana itashoboraga guha urubyaro rwa Adamu ikindi gihano cyoroheje kitari urupfu?

³ Byaje kuba ngombwa ko incungu itangwa bitewe n’icyaha cya Adamu. Kubera ko atumviye Imana, yatumye abamukomokaho bose bagerwaho n’indwara, imibabaro n’urupfu (Intangiriro 2:17; Abaroma 8:20). Imana ntiyari gupfa kwirengagiza ibyabaye ngo ireke kubaha igihano cy’urupfu. Iyo iza kubigenza ityo, yari kuba yirengagije itegeko ryayo rivuga riti: “ibihembo by’ibyaha ni urupfu” (Abaroma 6:23). Byongeye kandi, iyo Yehova aza kureka kubahiriza amahame ye ahereranye n’ubutabera, icyo gihe hari kubaho akaduruvayo kandi ibiremwa bye ntibikurikize amategeko.

4, 5. (a) Ni gute Satani yashinje Imana ibinyoma, kandi se kuki Yehova yahisemo kubanza kugaragaza ko Satani ari umunyabinyoma? (b) Ni ibihe binyoma Satani yareze abagaragu ba Yehova b’indahemuka?

 ⁴ Nk’uko twabibonye mu Gice cya 12, igihe Adamu na Eva hamwe na Satani bigomekaga, byatumye havuka ibibazo bikomeye. Satani yasebeje izina ryiza ry’Imana. Mu by’ukuri, yashinje Yehova ko ari umubeshyi akaba n’umutegetsi w’umugome utegekesha igitugu, wanze ko ibiremwa bye bigira umudendezo (Intangiriro 3:1-5). Igihe Satani yatumaga Adamu na Eva basuzugura Imana, yasaga nk’aho aburijemo umugambi wayo w’uko isi yuzura abantu bakiranuka (Intangiriro 1:28; Yesaya 55:10, 11). Iyo Yehova aza kureka ibyo bibazo ntibisubizwe, byashoboraga gutuma abamarayika hamwe n’abantu batakariza icyizere ubutegetsi bwe.

⁵ Nanone kandi, Satani yabeshyeye abagaragu b’indahemuka ba Yehova ko bamukorera babitewe n’uko abaha ibintu byinshi kandi byiza. Nanone yavuze ko baramutse bahuye n’ingorane bamwihakana (Yobu 1:9-11). Kugaragaza ko ibyo Satani yavuze ari ibinyoma byari bifite akamaro kuruta gukuraho imibabaro abantu bahura na yo. Ubwo rero Yehova yahisemo kubanza kugaragaza ibinyoma bya Satani. Ariko se, ni gute ibyo Yehova yari kubikora kandi akarokora abantu?

6. Ni ayahe magambo Bibiliya ikoresha igaragaza igikorwa Imana yakoze kugira ngo irokore abantu?

⁶ Uko Yehova yakemuye ibyo bibazo byagaragaje ko afite imbabazi nyinshi n’ubutabera. Nubwo ibyo yakoze byasaga nk’aho byoroheje, byagaragazaga ubwenge bwinshi cyane. Icyo gikorwa yakoze Bibiliya icyita ikiguzi cyangwa igikorwa cyo kwiyunga n’Imana (1 Abakorinto 6:20; Abakolosayi 1:20; Daniyeli 9:24). Ariko kandi, amagambo yabisobanura neza ni ayakoreshejwe na Yesu ubwe. Yaravuze ati: ‘Umwana w’umuntu ntiyaje gukorerwa, ahubwo yaje gukorera abandi no gutanga ubuzima bwe ngo bube incungu ya benshi.’—Matayo 20:28.

7, 8. (a) Muri Bibiliya, ijambo “incungu” risobanura iki? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo incungu yerekeza ku kintu kingana n’ikindi?

 ⁷ Incungu ni iki? Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryakoreshejwe muri uwo murongo rituruka ku nshinga isobanura ngo “kurekura cyangwa kubohora.” Iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga ryerekeza ku mafaranga yatangwaga kugira ngo barekure imfungwa z’intambara. Mu buryo bw’ibanze rero, incungu ishobora gusobanurwa ko ari ikiguzi gitangwa kugira ngo cyishyure ikindi kintu. Mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, ijambo ryahinduwemo “incungu” (koʹpher) rituruka ku nshinga isobanurwa ngo “gutwikira.” Ibyo biradufasha gusobanukirwa ko gutanga incungu nanone bisobanura gutwikira ibyaha.—Zaburi 65:3.

⁸ Hari inkoranyamagambo yavuze ko iryo jambo (koʹpher) “buri gihe ryumvikanisha ikintu kingana n’ikindi,” cyangwa gihwanye na cyo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kugira ngo icyaha gitangirwe incungu cyangwa gitwikirwe, hagombaga gutangwa ikiguzi gihwanye neza na cyo, cyangwa gitwikira rwose ingaruka mbi zatewe n’icyaha. Ku bw’ibyo, Amategeko Imana yahaye Abisirayeli yagiraga ati: “Uwishe undi na we bazamwice. Umennye undi ijisho na we bazamumene ijisho, ukuye undi iryinyo na we bamukure iryinyo, uciye undi ukuboko na we bamuce ukuboko n’uciye undi ikirenge na we bamuce ikirenge.”—Gutegeka 19:21.

9. Kuki abantu b’indahemuka batambaga ibitambo by’amatungo, kandi se ni gute Yehova yabonaga ibyo bitambo?

⁹ Abantu b’indahemuka babayeho uhereye kuri Abeli batambiraga Imana ibitambo by’amatungo. Iyo babigenzaga batyo, babaga bagaragaje ko basobanukiwe neza ko ari abanyabyaha kandi ko bakeneye kubabarirwa. Nanone bagaragazaga ko bizera isezerano rya Yehova ry’uko azabakiza icyaha akoresheje “urubyaro” yasezeranyije (Intangiriro 3:15; 4:1-4; Abalewi 17:11; Abaheburayo 11:4). Yehova yishimiraga ibyo bitambo kandi byatumaga yemera abo bagaragu be. Ariko kandi, ibyo bitambo by’amatungo ntibyari gutwikira ibyaha by’abantu, kuko abantu batanganya agaciro n’amatungo (Zaburi 8:4-8).  Ni yo mpamvu Bibiliya ivuga iti: ‘Amaraso y’ibimasa n’ay’ihene ntashobora gukuraho ibyaha’ (Abaheburayo 10:1-4). Ibyo bitambo byagereranyaga igitambo nyakuri cy’incungu cyari kuzatangwa.

10. (a) Umuntu wari gutanga incungu yagombaga kuba ahwanye na nde, kandi kuki? (b) Kuki igitambo cy’umuntu umwe gusa ari cyo cyari gikenewe?

¹⁰ Intumwa Pawulo yaravuze ati: “Abantu bose bapfa bitewe na Adamu” (1 Abakorinto 15:22). Bityo, incungu yagombaga gutuma habaho urupfu rw’umuntu uhwanye rwose na Adamu, ni ukuvuga umuntu utunganye (Abaroma 5:14). Hakurikijwe ubutabera butunganye bwa Yehova, hari hakenewe umuntu utunganye utararazwe icyaha n’urupfu na Adamu kugira ngo atange “incungu ya bose” ingana neza n’icyo Adamu yatakaje (1 Timoteyo 2:6). Ntibyari kuba ngombwa ko hatambwa miriyoni zitabarika z’abantu ngo babe ibitambo bihwanye na buri muntu wese wakomotse kuri Adamu. Intumwa Pawulo yagize iti: “Icyaha cyaje mu isi binyuze ku muntu umwe [ari we Adamu], kandi icyaha ni cyo cyazanye urupfu” (Abaroma 5:12). Nanone kandi, kubera ko “urupfu rwaje binyuze ku muntu,” Imana yateganyije ko abantu bacungurwa “binyuze ku muntu” (1 Abakorinto 15:21). Mu buhe buryo?

11. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo uwatanze incungu “yapfiriye abantu bose”? (b) Kuki incungu itari kugirira akamaro Adamu na Eva? (Reba ibisobanuro biri ahagana hasi ku ipaji.)

¹¹ Yehova yateganyije uburyo bwari gutuma haboneka umuntu utunganye wari witeguye gutanga ubuzima bwe ngo bube igitambo. Dukurikije uko bivugwa mu Baroma 6:23, “ibihembo by’ibyaha ni urupfu.” Igihe uwo muntu yari gutanga ubuzima bwe ngo bube igitambo, yari kuba ‘apfiriye abantu bose.’ Mu yandi magambo, yari kwishyura igihembo cy’icyaha cya Adamu (Abaheburayo 2:9; 2 Abakorinto 5:21; 1 Petero 2:24). Ibyo byari kugira akamaro cyane. Iyo ncungu yari gutuma abakomoka kuri Adamu bari kumvira Imana, bakurirwaho igihano cy’urupfu.  Ibyo byari gutuma abantu batarimbuka bitewe n’icyaha n’urupfu. a—Abaroma 5:16.

12. Tanga urugero rugaragaza ukuntu kwishyura umwenda umwe bishobora kugirira akamaro abantu benshi.

¹² Dufate urugero: tekereza utuye mu mujyi munini aho abenshi mu baturage bakora mu ruganda runini rwo muri ako gace. Wowe n’abaturanyi bawe mwahembwaga umushahara utubutse kandi mwari mufite ibyangombwa byose mu buzima, kugeza igihe urwo ruganda rwahagarikiye gukora. Kuki urwo ruganda rwahagaze? Umuyobozi w’urwo ruganda yabaye umuhemu, maze atuma ruhomba. Byatumye wowe n’abaturanyi bawe mubura akazi, none ntimushobora kubona ibyo mukeneye. Abo mwashakanye, abana banyu ndetse n’abo mubereyemo amadeni bose barahababariye bitewe n’uwo muntu umwe w’umuhemu. Ese icyo kibazo gishobora kubonerwa umuti? Yego rwose. Hari umugiraneza umwe w’umukire wiyemeje kugira icyo akora. Azi neza agaciro urwo ruganda rwari rufite. Nanone kandi, yumva ababariye abakozi benshi barukoragamo n’imiryango yabo. Ku bw’ibyo, yiyemeje kwishyura amadeni urwo ruganda rwari rurimo maze yongera gutangiza imirimo mu ruganda. Kwishyura iryo deni byorohereje rwose abakozi barwo benshi n’imiryango yabo ndetse n’abo bari barimo amadeni. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kwishyura umwenda wa Adamu byagiriye akamaro miriyoni nyinshi z’abantu.

13, 14. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo Yehova yatanze incungu kugira ngo icungure abantu? (b) Incungu yahawe nde, kandi se kuki byari ngombwa ko ayihabwa?

¹³ Yehova wenyine ni we washoboraga gutanga “Umwana w’Intama w’Imana, ukuraho icyaha cy’abatuye isi” (Yohana 1:29). Icyakora Imana ntiyapfuye gufata umumarayika uwo ari  we wese ngo imwohereze aze gucungura abantu. Ahubwo yohereje umwe washoboraga gusubiza neza ibirego Satani yareze abagaragu b’Imana kandi ikibazo kigakemuka burundu. Yehova yarigomwe cyane, yohereza Umwana we w’ikinege, ‘yakundaga mu buryo bwihariye’ (Imigani 8:30). Umwana w’Imana yemeye “gusiga byose,” yiyemeza gusiga ibyo yari afite byose mu ijuru (Abafilipi 2:7). Mu buryo bw’igitangaza, Yehova yimuye ubuzima bw’Umwana we w’imfura wo mu ijuru maze abushyira mu nda y’umukobwa w’Umuyahudikazi witwaga Mariya (Luka 1:27, 35). Igihe yari kuba ari umuntu, yari kuzitwa Yesu. Ariko mu buryo buhuje n’amategeko, yashoboraga kwitwa Adamu wa kabiri, kubera ko yari ahwanye na Adamu mu buryo bwuzuye (1 Abakorinto 15:45, 47). Ku bw’ibyo rero, Yesu yashoboraga gutanga ubuzima bwe ho igitambo akaba incungu y’abantu b’abanyabyaha.

¹⁴ Iyo ncungu yari guhabwa nde? Muri Zaburi ya 49:7, havuga mu buryo bweruye ko incungu yahawe “Imana.” Ariko se, Yehova si we wabanje guteganya uko incungu izatangwa? Ni byo rwose. Ariko kandi, ibyo ntibituma incungu iba ikintu kidafite icyo kivuze, cyatanzwe mu buryo bwo kurangiza umuhango gusa, mbese nk’uko wavana amafaranga mu mufuka umwe ukayashyira mu wundi. Birakwiriye kwiyumvisha ko gutanga incungu atari ukugurana ikintu runaka gifatika, ko ahubwo ari igikorwa gihuje n’amategeko. Igihe Yehova yatangaga ikiguzi cy’incungu, ndetse akaba yarabikoze bimuhenze cyane, yagaragaje ko akurikiza byimazeyo ubutabera bwe butunganye.—Intangiriro 22:7, 8, 11-13; Abaheburayo 11:17; Yakobo 1:17.

15. Kuki byari ngombwa ko Yesu agerwaho n’imibabaro kandi agapfa?

¹⁵ Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 33, Yesu Kristo yemeye kugerwaho n’ibintu bibabaje kugira ngo hatangwe incungu. Yemeye gufatwa bamuziza ibirego by’ibinyoma, bamuhamya icyaha, hanyuma amanikwa ku giti yiciweho. Ariko se, byari ngombwa ko Yesu ababazwa bigeze aho? Yego rwose, kubera ko ikibazo gihereranye n’ubudahemuka bw’abagaragu b’Imana cyagombaga gukemurwa. Ni yo mpamvu Imana itemeye ko Herode yica Yesu igihe yari akiri umwana (Matayo 2:13-18). Ariko kandi, igihe  Yesu yari amaze kuba mukuru, yagabweho ibitero bikomeye na Satani, arabyihanganira kandi yari asobanukiwe impamvu bimugeraho. b Yesu yakomeje kuba umuntu “w’indahemuka, utagira uburiganya, utanduye, utameze nk’abanyabyaha,” nubwo yakorewe ibintu bibabaje cyane. Ibyo byagaragaje ko Yehova afite abagaragu bakomeza kuba indahemuka no mu gihe bahanganye n’ibigeragezo (Abaheburayo 7:26). Ibyo bitumva twumva neza impamvu Yesu agiye gupfa, yavuze ati: “Ibyo wansabye gukora byose narabikoze.”—Yohana 19:30.

16, 17. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo Yesu yakomeje umurimo we wo gucungura abantu? (b) Kuki byari ngombwa ko Yesu ahagarara “imbere y’Imana ku bwacu”?

¹⁶ Yesu yagombaga kurangiza umurimo we wo gucungura abantu. Ku munsi wa gatatu nyuma y’urupfu rwe, Yehova yaramuzuye (Ibyakozwe 3:15; 10:40). Binyuriye kuri icyo gikorwa kitazibagirana, Yehova ntiyagororeye Umwana we ku bw’umurimo yamukoreye ari uwizerwa gusa, ahubwo yanamuhaye uburyo bwo kurangiza umurimo we wo gucungura abantu ari Umutambyi Mukuru w’Imana (Abaroma 1:4; 1 Abakorinto 15:3-8). Intumwa Pawulo yaravuze ati: “Igihe Kristo yazaga ari umutambyi mukuru . . . , yinjiye ahera rimwe gusa adafite amaraso y’ihene n’ay’ibimasa bikiri bito, ahubwo yahinjiye afite amaraso ye bwite. Ibyo byatumye tubabarirwa ibyaha, kandi tubona agakiza k’iteka. Kristo ntiyinjiye ahera hakozwe n’abantu hagereranyaga ahera ho mu ijuru, ahubwo yinjiye mu ijuru  ubwaho, kugira ngo ahagarare imbere y’Imana ku bwacu.”—Abaheburayo 9:11, 12, 24.

¹⁷ Kristo ntiyashoboraga kujyana amaraso ye nyamaraso mu ijuru (1 Abakorinto 15:50). Ahubwo, yajyanyeyo icyo ayo maraso yashushanyaga, ni ukuvuga agaciro kemewe n’amategeko k’igitambo cy’ubuzima bwe bwari butunganye. Hanyuma, Yesu yagiye imbere y’Imana ayimurikira ku mugaragaro agaciro k’ubwo buzima bwatanzweho incungu kugira ngo abantu babarirwe ibyaha byabo. Ese Yehova yaba yaremeye icyo gitambo? Yego rwose. Ibyo byagaragaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, igihe umwuka wera wasukwaga ku bigishwa bagera ku 120 bari i Yerusalemu (Ibyakozwe 2:1-4). Nubwo ibyo bintu byari bishishikaje cyane, icyo gihe ni bwo akamaro gahebuje k’incungu kari gatangiye kugaragara.

18, 19. (a) Igitambo cy’incungu cya Kristo kizagirira akamaro ayahe matsinda abiri y’abantu? (b) Ni izihe nyungu zituruka ku ncungu abantu bagize “imbaga y’abantu benshi” babona muri iki gihe, kandi se ni izihe bazabona mu gihe kizaza?

¹⁸ Mu rwandiko Pawulo yandikiye Abakolosayi, yavuze ko binyuriye ku ncungu yatanzwe na Yesu, Imana yishimiye kongera kugirana ubucuti n’abantu. Pawulo yanavuze ko hari amatsinda abiri yari kwiyunga n’Imana, ni ukuvuga “ibyo mu ijuru” n’“ibyo mu isi” (Abakolosayi 1:19, 20; Abefeso 1:10). “Ibyo mu ijuru” ni abakristo 144.000 bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba abami n’abatambyi mu ijuru bagafatanya na Yesu gutegeka isi (Ibyahishuwe 5:9, 10; 7:4; 14:1-3). Bazakorana na Yesu kugira ngo bafashe abantu bumvira bazaba bari ku isi kubona imigisha izazanwa n’incungu, mu gihe cy’imyaka igihumbi.—1 Abakorinto 15:24-26; Ibyahishuwe 20:6; 21:3, 4.

¹⁹ “Ibyo mu isi” ni abantu bategereje kuzabona ubuzima butunganye ku isi izaba yahindutse Paradizo. Mu Byahishuwe 7:9-17, bavugwaho ko ari “imbaga y’abantu benshi” bazarokoka ‘umubabaro ukomeye’ wegereje. Ariko kandi, si ngombwa ko bategereza icyo gihe kugira ngo babone inyungu zituruka ku ncungu. Bamaze ‘kumesa amakanzu yabo, barayeza bakoresheje amaraso y’Umwana w’Intama,’ kandi batangiye kubona imigisha  ituruka kuri Yehova bitewe n’uko bizera incungu. Urugero, Yehova abita incuti ze kuko abona ko ari abakiranutsi (Yakobo 2:23). Nanone bashobora ‘kwegera Imana yicaye ku ntebe yayo y’Ubwami kandi bakayisenga badatinya’ (Abaheburayo 4:14-16). N’iyo bakosheje, barababarirwa by’ukuri (Abefeso 1:7). Ikindi kandi nubwo ari abantu badatunganye, bafite umutimanama utabacira urubanza (Abaheburayo 9:9; 10:22; 1 Petero 3:21). Bityo rero, ntabwo bategereje kuzaba incuti z’Imana mu gihe kizaza, ahubwo no muri iki gihe birashoboka (2 Abakorinto 5:19, 20). Mu gihe cy’Ubutegetsi bw’Imyaka Igihumbi, bazagenda ‘bavanwa mu bucakara bw’imibiri ibora,’ kandi amaherezo ‘bazagira umudendezo uhebuje w’abana b’Imana.’—Abaroma 8:21.

20. Iyo utekereje ku ncungu bikugirira akahe kamaro?

²⁰ “Imana ishimwe, kuko yankijije binyuze kuri Yesu Kristo” kubera ko yatanze incungu (Abaroma 7:25). Muri rusange, biroroshye kwiyumvisha incungu icyo ari cyo, ariko kandi ifite ibisobanuro byimbitse cyane, ku buryo bidutangaza (Abaroma 11:33). Kandi iyo dutekereje ku ncungu mu buryo burangwa no gushimira bidukora ku mutima, bigatuma turushaho kuba incuti z’Imana irangwa n’ubutabera. Kimwe n’umwanditsi wa Zaburi, dufite impamvu zifatika zo gusingiza Yehova, we ‘ukunda gukiranuka n’ubutabera.’—Zaburi 33:5.