1-3. Sobanura ukuntu Yesu yagaburiye imbaga y’abantu benshi hafi y’i Betsayida. (Reba ifoto ibimburira iki gice.)

SA NUREBA uko byagenze. (Soma muri Matayo 14:14-21.) Hari mbere ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 32. Imbaga y’abantu bageraga ku 5.000, utabariyemo abagore n’abana, yari kumwe na Yesu n’abigishwa be ahantu hatari hatuwe, hafi y’i Betsayida, umudugudu wari ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru y’inyanja ya Galilaya.

² Yesu amaze kubona iyo mbaga y’abantu, yabagiriye impuhwe, bityo akiza abari barwaye, kandi abigisha ibintu byinshi ku bihereranye n’Ubwami bw’Imana. Bugorobye, abigishwa ba Yesu bamusabye gusezerera abo bantu kugira ngo bajye mu midugudu yari hafi aho bihahire ibyokurya. Ariko Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ati “abe ari mwe mubaha ibyokurya.” Ayo magambo ashobora kuba yarababereye urujijo, kubera ko bari bafite ibyokurya bike cyane. Bari bafite imigati itanu n’udufi tubiri.

³ Yesu yagiriye abo bantu impuhwe maze akora igitangaza. Icyo gitangaza yakoze ni cyo cyonyine cyavuzwe n’abanditsi b’Amavanjiri bose uko ari bane (Mar 6:35-44; Luka 9:10-17; Yoh 6:1-13). Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ngo basabe abantu kwicara mu byatsi, mu matsinda y’abantu mirongo itanu mirongo itanu n’ay’abantu ijana ijana. Amaze gusenga, yamanyaguye imigati kandi agabagabanya amafi. Hanyuma, aho kugira ngo Yesu abe ari we uhita abitanga, yabihaye ‘abigishwa be, abigishwa be na bo babiha abantu.’ Mu buryo bw’igitangaza, abantu bose barariye barahaga ndetse birasaguka! Tekereza nawe! Yesu yagaburiye abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi binyuze kuri bake, ni ukuvuga abigishwa be. *

4. (a) Yesu yari ahangayikishijwe cyane kurushaho no guha abigishwa be ayahe mafunguro, kandi kuki? (b) Ni iki turi busuzume muri iki gice no mu gikurikira?

⁴ Yesu yari ahangayikishijwe cyane kurushaho no guha abigishwa be amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Yari azi ko gufata ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, ni ukuvuga inyigisho z’ukuri dusanga mu Ijambo ry’Imana, biyobora ku buzima bw’iteka (Yoh 6:26, 27; 17:3). Impuhwe zatumye Yesu agaburira imbaga y’abantu  imigati n’amafi, ni na zo zatumye amara amasaha menshi yigisha abantu (Mar 6:34). Ariko yari azi neza ko yari kumara igihe gito ku isi, maze agasubira mu ijuru (Mat 16:21; Yoh 14:12). None se igihe Yesu yari kuba ari mu ijuru, yari gukomeza ate guha abigishwa be bari kuba bari ku isi ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka? Yari gukurikiza bwa buryo twabonye, akagaburira abantu benshi binyuze kuri bake. Ariko se, abo bake bari kuba ba nde? Reka turebe ukuntu Yesu yakoresheje abantu bake kugira ngo agaburire abigishwa be benshi basutsweho umwuka bo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Hanyuma mu gice gikurikira, tuzasuzuma iki kibazo cy’ingenzi cyane kuri buri wese muri twe: twabwirwa n’iki abantu bake Kristo akoresha kugira ngo atugaburire muri iki gihe?

5, 6. (a) Ni uwuhe mwanzuro ukomeye Yesu yafashe kugira ngo yizere ko abigishwa be bari kuzagaburirwa neza mu buryo bw’umwuka amaze gupfa? (b) Yesu yateguye ate intumwa ze kugira ngo zizasohoze inshingano ikomeye nyuma y’urupfu rwe?

⁵ Umutware w’umuryango wita ku bagize umuryango we ateganya uko bazabaho igihe azaba atakiriho. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Yesu wari kuzaba Umutware w’itorero rya gikristo yateganyije uburyo abigishwa be bari kuzitabwaho mu buryo bw’umwuka amaze gupfa (Efe 1:22). Urugero, imyaka igera kuri ibiri mbere y’uko Yesu apfa, yafashe umwanzuro ukomeye. Yatoranyije aba mbere mu bantu bake yari kuzakoresha agaburira benshi. Reka turebe uko byagenze.

⁶ Yesu amaze gukesha ijoro ryose asenga, yateranyirije hamwe abigishwa be, abatoranyamo intumwa 12 (Luka 6:12-16). Mu myaka ibiri yakurikiyeho, ahanini yakundaga kuba ari kumwe n’abo 12, akabigisha binyuze ku byo yababwiraga n’ibyo yakoraga. Yari azi ko hari byinshi bari bagikeneye kumenya; mu by’ukuri, bakomeje kwitwa “abigishwa” (Mat 11:1; 20:17). Yagiye aha buri wese muri bo inama z’ingirakamaro, kandi akomeza kubatoza gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza (Mat 10:1-42; 20:20-23; Luka 8:1; 9:52-55). Uko bigaragara, yabateguriraga kuzasohoza inshingano ikomeye igihe yari kuba amaze gupfa no gusubira mu ijuru.

7. Yesu yagaragaje ate icyo intumwa ze zari kwitaho mbere na mbere?

⁷ Intumwa zari kugira iyihe nshingano? Uko Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33 yagendaga yegereza, byaragaragaraga neza ko intumwa zari kugira ‘inshingano y’ubugenzuzi’ (Ibyak 1:20). Ariko se, ni iki zari kwitaho mbere na mbere? Nyuma y’uko Yesu azuka, yatanze igisubizo mu kiganiro yagiranye n’intumwa Petero. (Soma muri Yohana 21:1, 2, 15-17.) Yesu yabwiye Petero izindi ntumwa zumva, ati “gaburira abana b’intama banjye.” Ku bw’ibyo, yagaragaje ko intumwa ze zari kuba mu bantu bake yari gukoresha kugira ngo ahe abantu benshi ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Mbega ukuntu icyo ari ikintu gikora ku mutima kigaragaza neza uko Yesu afata ‘abana b’intama be’! *

8. Ni mu buhe buryo abantu bizeye kuri Pentekote bagaragaje ko bari bazi neza abo Kristo yakoreshaga kugira ngo babahe ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka?

⁸ Kuva kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, Kristo wazutse yagiye akoresha intumwa ze kugira ngo agaburire abandi bigishwa be basutsweho umwuka. (Soma mu Byakozwe 2:41, 42.) Abayahudi n’abanyamahanga bahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi babaye Abakristo basutsweho umwuka uwo munsi, biboneye ko izo ntumwa ari zo Yesu yakoreshaga. Mu by’ukuri, ‘bakomeje gushishikarira inyigisho z’intumwa.’ Nk’uko intiti imwe yabivuze, inshinga y’ikigiriki yahinduwemo “bakomeza gushishikarira” ishobora gusobanura “gukomeza gukora ikintu ubutanamuka.” Abo bantu bari bakimara kwizera bari bakeneye cyane ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kandi bari bazi neza aho bari kubikura. Igihe cyose intumwa ni zo babaga bahanze amaso kugira  ngo zibasobanurire ibyo Yesu yavuze n’ibyo yakoze, ndetse n’imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ivuga ibihereranye na we. *—Ibyak 2:22-36.

9. Intumwa zagaragaje zite ko zakomeje gushyira mu mwanya wa mbere inshingano yazo yo kugaburira intama za Yesu?

⁹ Intumwa zakomeje gushyira mu mwanya wa mbere inshingano yazo yo kugaburira intama za Yesu. Urugero, reka turebe ukuntu zakemuye ikibazo kitoroshye kandi cyashoboraga kuzana amacakubiri mu itorero ryari rikimara gushingwa. Igishekeje ni uko icyo kibazo cyari gifitanye isano n’ibyokurya ibi bisanzwe. Abapfakazi bavugaga ururimi rw’ikigiriki barirengagizwaga mu igabagabanya ry’ibyokurya bya buri munsi, mu gihe abavugaga ururimi rw’igiheburayo bo batirengagizwaga. Intumwa zakemuye zite icyo kibazo gikomeye? “Ba bandi cumi na babiri” bashyizeho abavandimwe barindwi bashoboye, kugira ngo bahagararire “uwo murimo wa ngombwa” wo gutanga ibyokurya. Intumwa zabonye ko gutanga amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka ari byo zo zagombaga kwitaho cyane, kandi nta gushidikanya ko inyinshi muri zo zari zaragize uruhare mu kugaburira imbaga y’abantu Yesu yari yaragaburiye mu buryo bw’igitangaza. Ku bw’ibyo, zakomeje kwibanda ku “murimo wo kwigisha ijambo.”—Ibyak 6:1-6.

10. Kristo yakoresheje ate intumwa n’abasaza b’i Yerusalemu?

¹⁰ Mu mwaka wa 49, intumwa zari zikiriho zari zariyongereho abandi basaza bari bujuje ibisabwa. (Soma mu Byakozwe 15:1, 2.) ‘Intumwa n’abasaza b’i Yerusalemu’ ni bo bari bagize inteko nyobozi. Kubera ko Kristo ari we Mutware w’itorero, yakoresheje iryo tsinda rito ryari rigizwe n’abagabo bari bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo bifitanye isano n’imyizerere, bagenzure umurimo wo kubwiriza no kwigisha ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami kandi bawuyobore.—Ibyak 15:6-29; 21:17-19; Kolo 1:18.

11, 12. (a) Ni iki kigaragaza ko Yehova yahaga imigisha gahunda Umwana we yakoreshaga kugira ngo agaburire abari bagize amatorero yo mu kinyejana cya mbere? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo abo Kristo yakoreshaga kugira ngo atange amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka bari bazwi neza?

¹¹ Ese Yehova yaba yarahaye imigisha iyo gahunda Umwana we yakoreshaga kugira ngo agaburire amatorero yo mu kinyejana cya mbere? Yego rwose! Tubibwirwa n’iki? Igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe kigira kiti “nuko imigi [intumwa Pawulo n’abo bari kumwe] banyuzemo yose, bakagenda baha abayibamo amategeko yemejwe n’intumwa n’abasaza b’i Yerusalemu, ngo bayubahirize. Ibyo bituma rwose amatorero akomeza gushikama mu kwizera, kandi umubare wayo ukomeza kwiyongera uko bwije n’uko bukeye” (Ibyak  16:4, 5). Zirikana ko ayo matorero yiyongereye cyane bitewe n’uko yashyigikiraga mu budahemuka inteko nyobozi yari i Yerusalemu. Ese iyo si gihamya igaragaza ko Yehova yahaye imigisha gahunda Umwana we yari yarashyizeho yo kugaburira amatorero? Twibuke ko imigisha myinshi Yehova atanga ari yo ituma habaho ukwiyongera mu buryo bw’umwuka.—Imig 10:22; 1 Kor 3:6, 7.

¹² Kugeza aha, twabonye ko hari uburyo bumwe Yesu yakoreshaga agaburira abigishwa be. Yagaburiraga abantu benshi binyuze kuri bake. Abantu bari bazi neza abo yakoreshaga kugira ngo atange ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka. N’ubundi kandi, intumwa, ari zo mu mizo ya mbere zari zigize inteko nyobozi, zakoraga ibintu byagaragazaga ko zari zishyigikiwe n’Imana. Mu Byakozwe 5:12 hagira hati “intumwa zakomeje gukorera mu bantu ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza byinshi.” * Bityo rero, nta mpamvu yashoboraga gutuma abahindukaga Abakristo bibaza bati “ni ba nde mu by’ukuri Kristo akoresha agaburira intama ze?” Icyakora, ku iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya mbere, ibintu byari byarahindutse.

13, 14. (a) Ni uwuhe muburo Yesu yatanze ku birebana n’igitero cyari kugabwa ku itorero rya gikristo, kandi se ibyo yavuze byatangiye gusohora ryari? (b) Vuga ahantu habiri ibitero byari guturuka. (Reba ibisobanuro by’inyongera.)

¹³ Yesu yari yarahanuye ko itorero rya gikristo ryari kuzagabwaho igitero. Wibuke ko mu mugani wa Yesu w’ingano n’urumamfu ukubiyemo ibintu by’ubuhanuzi, yatanze umuburo w’uko umurima wari kuba umaze guterwamo ingano (ni ukuvuga Abakristo basutsweho umwuka) wari kubibwamo urumamfu (ari bo Bakristo b’ikinyoma). Yavuze ko ayo matsinda yombi yari gukurana, ntihagire uyakoraho kugeza igihe cy’isarura ryari kuba mu ‘minsi y’imperuka’ (Mat 13:24-30, 36-43). Bidatinze, amagambo ya Yesu yatangiye gusohora. *

¹⁴ Ubuhakanyi bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya mbere, ariko intumwa za Yesu zizerwa ‘zarabukumiraga,’ zigatuma inyigisho z’ikinyoma zitinjira mu itorero rya gikristo (2 Tes 2:3, 6, 7). Icyakora, nyuma y’aho intumwa ya nyuma ipfiriye, ubuhakanyi bwashinze imizi kandi buriyongera mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi imbuto zamaze zikura. Byongeye kandi, muri icyo gihe urumamfu rwabaye rwinshi, ariko ingano zari nke. Icyo gihe nta buryo buzwi kandi buhoraho bwari buriho bwo gutanga amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Icyakora ibyo byari kuzahinduka. Ariko ikibazo ni iki: byari guhinduka ryari?

15, 16. Kuba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya barize Ibyanditswe bashyizeho umwete byageze ku ki, kandi se bituma havuka ikihe kibazo?

¹⁵ Ubwo imbuto zari zimaze gukura n’igihe cy’isarura cyegereje, abantu benshi bari bashishikajwe n’ukuri ko muri Bibiliya. Wibuke ko mu myaka ya 1870, itsinda rito ry’abantu b’imitima itaryarya bashakaga kumenya ukuri, bahuriraga hamwe bagakora amashuri ya Bibiliya atari arimo urumamfu, ari bo Bakristo b’ikinyoma bo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo hamwe n’udutsiko twayo. Abo bantu b’imitima itaryarya biyise Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Abo bigishwa ba Bibiliya bicishaga bugufi kandi bari biteguye kwiga bakoze ubushakashatsi mu Byanditswe babyitondeye, kandi babishyira mu isengesho.—Mat 11:25.

¹⁶ Kuba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya barize Ibyanditswe bashyizeho umwete byatumye bagera ku bintu bishimishije. Abo bagabo n’abagore b’indahemuka bashyize ahabona inyigisho z’ibinyoma kandi bakwirakwiza inyigisho z’ukuri, basohora ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, kandi babigeza hirya no hino ku isi. Abantu benshi bari bafite inzara n’inyota byo kumenya inyigisho z’ukuri zo muri Bibiliya bemeye izo nyigisho, kandi bishimira umurimo wabo. Ibyo bituma havuka ikibazo gishishikaje. Ese Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bariho mbere y’umwaka  wa 1914 ni bo Kristo yakoreshaga kugira ngo agaburire intama ze? Oya. Imbuto zari zigikura, kandi uburyo Yehova yari gukoresha kugira ngo ahe abantu ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka bwari bugitegurwa. Igihe cyari kitaragera kugira ngo Abakristo b’ikinyoma bagereranywa n’urumamfu batandukanywe n’Abakristo b’ukuri bagereranywa n’ingano.

17. Ni ibihe bintu by’ingenzi byatangiye kuba mu mwaka wa 1914?

¹⁷ Nk’uko twabibonye mu gice kibanziriza iki, igihe cy’isarura cyatangiye mu mwaka wa 1914. Muri uwo mwaka, hari ibintu by’ingenzi byatangiye kuba. Yesu yarimitswe aba Umwami kandi iminsi y’imperuka iratangira (Ibyah 11:15). Kuva mu mwaka wa 1914 kugeza mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1919, Yesu yajyanye na Se mu rusengero rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka kugira ngo bakore umurimo wari ukenewe cyane wo kugenzura no kweza urusengero (Mal 3:1-4). * Hanyuma, kuva mu mwaka wa 1919, hatangiye umurimo wo guteranyiriza hamwe ingano. Ese igihe cyari kigeze kugira ngo Kristo ashyireho abantu bazwi bari kujya batanga amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka? Yego rwose.

18. Yesu yahanuye ko yari gushyiraho ba nde, kandi se ni ikihe kibazo cy’ingenzi cyavutse uko iminsi y’imperuka yagendaga yegereza?

¹⁸ Mu buhanuzi bwa Yesu burebana n’iminsi y’imperuka, yavuze ko yari gushyiraho abantu bari gutanga “ibyokurya [byo mu buryo bw’umwuka] mu gihe gikwiriye” (Mat 24:45-47). Yari gukoresha ba nde? Mu by’ukuri, Yesu yari kubigenza nk’uko yabigenje mu kinyejana cya mbere, akongera kugaburira abantu benshi binyuze kuri bake. Ariko uko iminsi y’imperuka yagendaga yegereza, havutse iki kibazo cy’ingenzi cyane: abo bake bari kuba ba nde? Icyo kibazo hamwe n’ibindi birebana n’ubuhanuzi bwa Yesu, bizasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira.