Uko izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye byihariye byabayeho

HARI ibintu byinshi bituma agace k’isanzure karimo izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye kaba ahantu hihariye. Izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye biri hagati y’ibice bibiri bigize Inzira Nyamata, ahantu hari inyenyeri nkeya ugereranyije. Inyenyeri dushobora kubona nijoro hafi ya zose ziri kure cyane, ku buryo n’iyo uzirebeye mu byuma bireba kure cyane mu kirere byitwa télescope binini kurusha ibindi, ubona ari nk’utudomo tumurika. None se aho ni ho izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye byagombye kuba?

Izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye biramutse biri hafi y’izingiro ry’Inzira Nyamata, twagerwaho n’ingaruka mbi zitewe n’uko twaba turi ahantu hari inyenyeri zicucitse. Urugero, inzira isi ikurikira izenguruka izuba ishobora kuzamo ibintu bibangamira isi, kandi ibyo byagira ingaruka mbi cyane ku buzima bw’abantu. Uko bigaragara, izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye biri ahantu hakwiriye rwose muri urwo rujeje, ku buryo ibintu nk’ibyo bitabaho cyangwa ngo habeho akandi kaga. Urugero, izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye byagira ubushyuhe bukabije mu gihe byaba binyuze mu bicu bya gazi, kandi bikaba byakwegera inyenyeri zirimo gushwanyuka hamwe n’ibindi bintu bifite imirasire yica.

Izuba ni inyenyeri ihuje rwose n’ibyo dukeneye. Urumuri ritanga ntiruhindagurika, ruhoraho; ntabwo ari rinini bikabije, kandi ntirigira ubushyuhe bukabije. Inyinshi mu nyenyeri ziri mu rujeje rwacu ni nto cyane kurusha izuba, kandi ntizitanga urumuri rukwiriye cyangwa ngo zitange ubushyuhe buhagije bwatuma ku mubumbe w’isi haba ubuzima. Nanone kandi, imbaraga rukuruzi zituma inyinshi mu nyenyeri ziremamo amatsinda y’inyenyeri ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi, kandi zikazengurukana. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, izuba ryo ririgenga. Birashoboka ko izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye bitakomeza kuguma mu myanya yabyo biramutse bihuye n’imbaraga rukuruzi z’izindi nyenyeri zimeze nk’izuba ebyiri cyangwa zirenzeho.

Ikindi kintu gituma izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye biba ibintu byihariye, ni ahantu imibumbe minini yitaruye izuba iri. Ikurikira inzira zijya kumera nk’uruziga kandi imbaraga rukuruzi zayo ntizigira icyo zitwara imibumbe imeze nk’isi yegereye izuba. * Ahubwo iyo mibumbe yitaruye izuba, irinda imibumbe iryegereye ibintu byayiteza akaga, ikabikurura cyangwa ikabiyobya. Peter D. Ward na Donald Brownlee, abahanga mu bya siyansi, banditse mu gitabo cyabo ko “imibumbe mito na za nyakotsi bitugwaho, ariko ntibibe byinshi cyane kubera ko hariho imibumbe minini igizwe ahanini na za gazi, urugero nka Jupiteri iri hejuru yacu” (Rare Earth—Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe). Havumbuwe izindi nyenyeri zimeze nk’izuba zigaragiwe n’imibumbe minini. Ariko imyinshi muri iyo mibumbe minini inyura mu nzira zishobora guteza akaga umubumbe muto umeze nk’isi.

Akamaro k’ukwezi

Kuva kera cyane, abantu batangazwa n’ukwezi kwacu. Abasizi n’abaririmbyi bakuvuzeho byinshi. Urugero, hari umusizi w’Umuheburayo wa kera wavuze ko ukwezi ‘kuzakomezwa iteka ryose nk’umuhamya wo kwizerwa.’—Zaburi 89:38.

Bumwe mu buryo bw’ingenzi cyane ukwezi kugiramo ingaruka ku buzima bwo ku isi, ni uko imbaraga rukuruzi zako zituma amazi y’inyanja yitarura inkombe cyangwa akayegera. Abantu batekereza ko kuba amazi yegera inkombe cyangwa  akayitarura, ari byo bituma amazi y’inyanja akomeza gutembera, icyo akaba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi gituma tugira ibihe binyuranye.

Akandi kamaro k’ingenzi k’ukwezi kwacu ni uko imbaraga rukuruzi zako zituma dogere ziri hagati y’urwikaragiro rw’isi n’inzira ikurikiza izenguruka izuba zidahindagurika. Hari ikinyamakuru kivuga ibya siyansi cyavuze ko ukwezi kutariho, hazashira igihe imfuruka isi iberamiyeho igahinduka kuva kuri “[dogere] hafi 0 kugeza kuri [dogere] 85” (Nature). Tekereza nawe urwikaragiro rw’isi ruramutse rutaberamye! Ihinduka ryiza ry’ibihe ntiryabaho kandi ibyo byatuma tubura imvura. Kuba isi iberamye binatuma hatabaho ibihe by’ubukonje bukabije n’iby’ubushyuhe bukabije, bityo tugakomeza kubaho. Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere witwa Jacques Laskar yaravuze ati “kuba ibihe bisimburana mu buryo budahindagurika, tubikesha ikintu kimwe cyiza cyane: ni uko hariho ukwezi.” Kugira ngo ukwezi kwacu gushobore gukora ibyo byose, biterwa n’uko ari kunini kurusha indi mibumbe mito imeze nk’ukwezi na yo igaragiye imibumbe minini.

Akandi kamaro k’ukwezi kwacu, nk’uko byavuzwe n’umwanditsi w’igitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cy’Itangiriro, ni uko kumurika nijoro.—Itangiriro 1:16.

Ese byapfuye kubaho gutyo gusa cyangwa byakoranywe ubuhanga?

Ariko se umuntu yasobanura ate ukuntu hariho ibintu byinshi bituma ku isi ubuzima bushoboka kandi bugashimisha? Uko bigaragara, hari ibintu bibiri gusa bishoboka. Icya mbere ni uko ibyo bintu byose byaba byarabayeho ku bw’impanuka. Icya kabiri ni uko haba hari umuhanga wabikoze.

Hashize imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi Ibyanditswe Byera bivuze ko Imana Ishoborabyose ari yo Muremyi wagennye uko isanzure rigomba kumera kandi akarirema. Niba ibyo ari ukuri, byaba bivuga ko imikorere y’izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye atari ibintu byapfuye kubaho gutyo gusa, ahubwo ko ari ibintu byatekerejweho. Umuremyi yaduhaye inkuru yanditse y’ibyo yagiye akora kugira ngo ubuzima ku isi bushoboke. Ushobora gutangazwa no kumenya ko nubwo iyo nkuru imaze imyaka igera ku 3.500 yanditswe, amateka y’isanzure avugwamo ahuje mu buryo bw’ibanze n’ibyo abahanga mu bya siyansi bemera ko bigomba kuba byarabaye. Iyo nkuru iri mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Itangiriro. Reka turebe ibyo kivuga.

Inkuru yo mu Itangiriro ivuga iby’irema

Bibiliya igira iti “mbere na mbere Imana yaremye ijuru n’isi” (Itangiriro 1:1). Bibiliya itangira ivuga iby’iremwa ry’izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye, harimo n’uyu mubumbe wacu, ikanavuga iby’iremwa ry’inyenyeri ziri mu njeje zibarirwa muri za miriyari ziri mu isanzure ryacu. Bibiliya ivuga ko hari igihe isi ‘itagiraga ishusho.’ Nta migabane yabagaho kandi nta butaka bwiza bwariho. Ariko rero, amagambo akurikiraho avuga ikintu abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo ubuzima bushoboke kuri uyu mubumbe. Icyo kintu ni amazi menshi.  Bibiliya ivuga ko umwuka w’Imana ‘wagendagendaga hejuru y’amazi.’—Itangiriro 1:2.

Kugira ngo amazi adahinduka barafu cyangwa ngo akame, umubumbe ugomba kuba uri ku ntera ikwiriye uturutse ku zuba. Umuhanga mu bya siyansi yiga iby’imibumbe witwa Andrew Ingersoll yaravuze ati “Marisi irakonja cyane, Venusi irashyuha cyane, ku Isi ho ibintu byose biri mu rugero.” Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kugira ngo ku isi habeho ibimera, hagomba kuba urumuri ruhagije. Birashishikaje kuba inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ivuga ko mu ntangiriro y’igihe cy’irema, Imana yatumye urumuri rw’izuba rwambukiranya ibicu byijimye, byaturutse ku icucumba ry’amazi, bikaba byari bitwikiriye inyanja bimeze nk’“ingobyi” bahetsemo umwana.—Yobu 38:4, 9; Itangiriro 1:3-5.

Mu mirongo ikurikiraho yo mu Itangiriro, havuga ko Umuremyi yaremye icyo Bibiliya yita “isanzure” (Itangiriro 1:6-8). Iryo sanzure ryuzuyemo za gazi zigize ikirere cy’isi.

Bibiliya ivuga ko Imana yahinduye isi itari ifite ishusho, kugira ngo haboneke ubutaka bwumutse (Itangiriro 1:9, 10). Uko bigaragara, yatumye ubutaka butumburuka maze buregerana. Ibyo byatumye habaho imigende minini y’amazi maze imigabane itumburuka mu mazi y’inyanja.—Zaburi 104:6-8.

Mu mateka y’isi, mu gihe kitavuzwe, Imana yaremye ubwoko bw’ibimera bito cyane bitaboneshwa amaso byitwa algues byo mu nyanja. Ibyo bimera bigizwe n’ingirabuzima fatizo imwe kandi byororoka nta kindi byifashishije, byatangiye gukora ibibitunga muri gazi karubonike ari na ko byohereza mu kirere umwuka duhumeka witwa ogisijeni. Ubwo buryo butangaje bwo kubona ogisijeni bwarushijeho kwihuta ku munsi wa gatatu w’irema, ubwo haremwaga ibimera bigakwira isi. Nguko uko umwuka wa ogisijeni wabaye mwinshi mu kirere, ibyo bikaba byari gutuma abantu n’inyamaswa bashobora kubaho binyuze mu guhumeka.—Itangiriro 1:11, 12.

Kugira ngo ubutaka burumbuke, Umuremyi yaremye udusimba duto cyane dutandukanye tuba mu butaka, tuboneka hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi (Yeremiya 51:15). Utwo turemwa duto cyane dushwanyaguza ibintu byaboze, hakavamo ibitunga ibimera. Hari ubwoko bwihariye bwa bagiteri ziba mu butaka, zivana umwuka wa azote mu kirere zikageza uwo mwuka w’ingenzi ku bimera kugira ngo bibashe gukura. Igitangaje ni uko mu butaka burumbuka bwuzuye urushyi, hashobora kuba harimo utwo tunyabuzima duto tugera kuri miriyari esheshatu!

Mu Itangiriro 1:14-19, havuga ko izuba, ukwezi, n’inyenyeri byaremwe ku munsi wa kane w’irema. Ukibyumva wagira ngo biravuguruza ibindi bisobanuro bibanza bitangwa n’Ibyanditswe. Ariko kandi, uzirikane ko Mose, we wanditse igitabo cy’Itangiriro, yanditse inkuru y’irema ameze nk’umuntu wabirebaga ari ku isi. Uko bigaragara, icyo gihe ni bwo izuba, ukwezi n’inyenyeri byatangiye kugaragara mu kirere cy’isi.

Inkuru yo mu Itangiriro ivuga ko ibiremwa byo mu nyanja byabayeho ku munsi wa gatanu w’irema, kandi ko ku munsi wa gatandatu w’irema habayeho inyamaswa zo ku isi n’umuntu.—Itangiriro 1:20-31.

Imana yaremye isi kugira ngo abantu bayishimire

Ese wowe ntubona ko ubuzima ku isi, bwabayeho nk’uko bivugwa mu nkuru yo mu  Itangiriro, bwabereyeho kugira ngo abantu babwishimire? Ese ntiwigeze kubyuka hari akazuba, ngo uhumeke umwuka mwiza maze wumve wishimiye kubaho? Wenda wahise ujya gutembera mu busitani ureba ubwiza bwabwo ari na ko wumva impumuro nziza y’indabo. Ushobora no kuba waragiye mu murima w’imbuto ugasoromamo imbuto ziryoshye cyane. Ibyo bintu byiza byose ntibyari gushoboka iyo hatabaho ibi bikurikira: (1) amazi menshi ari ku isi, (2) ubushyuhe n’urumuri bikwiriye bitangwa n’izuba, (3) ikirere cyacu kigizwe n’uruvange rukwiriye rwa za gazi, (4) n’ubutaka burumbuka.

Ibyo bintu byose udashobora gusanga kuri Marisi, Venusi n’indi mibumbe itwegereye, ntibyabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka. Buri kintu cyose cyashyizwe ku gipimo gikwiriye kugira ngo ubuzima ku isi bushimishe. Nk’uko ingingo ikurikira iri bubigaragaze, Bibiliya inavuga ko Umuremyi yaremye uyu mubumbe wacu mwiza ku buryo uzakomeza kubaho iteka.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 6]

“Ndi umuhanga mu by’imiterere y’ubutaka, ariko baramutse bansabye gutanga ibisobanuro bigufi ku birebana n’icyo dutekereza ku bihereranye n’inkomoko y’isi, ndetse n’uko ubuzima bwabayeho, mbiha rubanda rugufi rw’abashumba, nka bamwe bari bagize imiryango igitabo cy’Itangiriro cyandikiwe, nta kindi nakora uretse gusubiramo ibyavuzwe mu gice cya mbere cy’igitabo cy’Itangiriro.”—Umuhanga mu by’imiterere y’ubutaka Wallace Pratt.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

HANABERANYE N’UBUSHAKASHATSI MU BY’UBUMENYI BW’IKIRERE

Izuba riramutse riri ahandi hantu mu rujeje rwacu, ntitwashobora kubona neza inyenyeri. Hari igitabo cyabisobanuye kigira kiti ‘izuba n’imibumbe irigaragiye biri kure y’uduce turimo ivumbi n’urumuri rukabije, ibyo bikaba bituma muri rusange tubona inyenyeri zitwegereye kandi tukareba kure mu isanzure.’—The Privileged Planet.

Byongeye kandi, ubunini bw’ukwezi n’intera iri hagati yako n’isi birakwiriye rwose, ku buryo iyo habaye ubwirakabiri ukwezi gushobora gukingiriza neza izuba. Ibyo bintu bitaba kenshi kandi bitangaje bituma abahanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere bakora ubushakashatsi ku zuba. Ubwo bushakashatsi butuma bagaragaza ibintu bitari bizwi ku bihereranye n’ukuntu inyenyeri zaka.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Ukwezi gufite ubunini buhagije butuma urwikaragiro rw’isi rukomeza kuberama

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Ni iki gituma ubuzima ku isi bushoboka? Ni amazi yayo ahagije, urumuri n’ubushyuhe bikwiriye, ikirere, n’ubutaka burumbuka

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Umubumbe: Based on NASA Photo; ingano: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est