Ni nde muyobozi ukwiriye muri iki gihe?

Mu mwaka wa 1940, mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Bwongereza harimo ikibazo. David Lloyd George wari umukambwe w’imyaka 77, yari ateze amatwi impaka zagibwaga kuri icyo kibazo. Ni we wari warayoboye u Bwongereza igihe bwatsindaga Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose, kandi imyaka myinshi yari yaramaze ari umunyapolitiki yari yaratumye ashobora kumenya neza icyo abayobozi bakuru baba bitezweho. Muri disikuru yatanze mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ku itariki ya 8 Gicurasi, yaravuze ati “abaturage b’igihugu baba biteguye kwitanga mu buryo bwose igihe cyose bafite ubuyobozi bwiza, bugaragaza neza intego zabwo, kandi abo baturage bakaba biringiye ko abayobozi bakora uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo bagere ku ntego zabo.”

AYO magambo ya Lloyd George agaragaza ko abaturage baba biteze ko abayobozi babo bagomba kuba bashoboye kandi bashyiraho imihati ivuye ku mutima kugira ngo ibintu birusheho kugenda neza. Uwari ushinzwe kwamamaza umukandida mu matora yabivuze muri aya magambo ati “iyo abaturage bagiye gutora perezida, baba bagiye gutora umuntu bazegurira ubuzima bwabo, imibereho yabo y’igihe kizaza ndetse n’abana babo.” Gusohoza iyo nshingano ni akazi katoroshye. Kubera iki?

Iyi si yacu yuzuye ibibazo bisa n’aho bidashobora kubonerwa umuti. Nk’ubu se, ni nde muyobozi wagaragaje ko azi ubwenge cyane kandi ko afite ingufu zihagije ku buryo yakemura burundu ikibazo cy’intambara n’ubugizi bwa nabi? Ni nde mu bayobozi bo muri iki gihe wita ku bantu kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo guha buri muntu icyo arya, akamugezaho amazi meza kandi akita ku buzima bwe? Ni nde ufite ubuhanga ndetse n’ubushake bwo kurinda ibidukikije no kubisubiza uko byahoze? Ni nde ufite imbaraga n’ubushobozi bihagije ku buryo yakwizeza abantu bose ko bazagira ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye?

Nta muntu n’umwe ubishoboye

Ni iby’ukuri ko abayobozi bamwe hari ibintu byiza bagezeho mu rugero runaka. Icyakora, ntibashobora kumara igihe kirekire ku butegetsi. Nyuma basimburwa na bande? Umwami Salomo wa Isirayeli ya kera, wari umwe mu bayobozi bari babishoboye kurusha abandi bose babayeho, yibajije icyo kibazo. Yagize ati “nanga imiruho yanjye yose naruhiye munsi y’ijuru, kuko nzayisigira umuntu uzansimbura.  Kandi ni nde uzi yuko azaba umunyabwenge cyangwa umupfapfa? Nyamara azategeka imirimo yanjye yose nakoze, ngaragarizamo ubwenge munsi y’ijuru. Ibyo na byo ni ubusa.”—Umubwiriza 2:18, 19.

Salomo ntiyari azi niba uwari kuzamusimbura yari kuzakomeza imirimo ye cyangwa niba yari kuzasenya ibyo yari yaragezeho. Kuri we, kuba abategetsi bagenda basimburwa n’abandi bashya byari “ubusa.”

Rimwe na rimwe, abategetsi bajya bavanwaho hakoreshejwe urugomo. Abayobozi babishoboye bagiye bicwa bakiri ku butegetsi. Abraham Lincoln, wari Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika wubahwaga cyane, rimwe yigeze kuvuga muri disikuru ye ati “natorewe gusohoza inshingano y’ingenzi mu gihe gito, kandi ubu mpagaze imbere yanyu mfite ububasha ejo cyangwa ejobundi ntazaba ngifite.” Kandi koko yamaze ku butegetsi igihe gito. N’ubwo hari ibintu byinshi byiza Perezida Lincoln yari yarakoze kandi akaba yarifuzaga gukorera abaturage n’ibindi birenzeho, yayoboye igihugu cye imyaka ine gusa. Mu ntangiriro za manda ye ya kabiri, yishwe n’umuntu washakaga ko hajyaho undi muyobozi.

Ndetse n’abayobozi beza cyane kuruta abandi, ntibaba bizeye neza iby’imibereho yabo y’igihe kizaza. None se utekereza ko hari icyo bashobora kukumarira? Bibiliya igira iti “ntimukiringire abakomeye, cyangwa umwana w’umuntu wese, utabonerwamo agakiza. Umwuka we umuvamo agasubira mu butaka bwe, uwo munsi imigambi ye igashira.”—Zaburi 146:3, 4.

Bishobora kugorana kwemera iyo nama yo kutiringira abategetsi b’abantu. Ariko kandi, Bibiliya ntivuga ko abantu batazigera na rimwe babona ubutegetsi bwiza buhamye. Muri Yesaya 32:1 hagira hati “dore hazima umwami utegekesha gukiranuka, kandi abatware be bazatwaza imanza zitabera.” Yehova Imana, Umuremyi w’abantu, yateguye “umwami” cyangwa Umuyobozi, uzategeka isi yose vuba aha. Uwo muyobozi ni nde? Ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bugaragaza uwo ari we.

 Umuyobozi wujuje ibisabwa

Hashize imyaka ibihumbi bibiri umumarayika abwiye umukobwa w’umuyahudi witwaga Mariya ati “dore uzasama inda, uzabyara umuhungu uzamwite Yesu. Azaba mukuru, azitwa Umwana w’Isumbabyose kandi Umwami Imana izamuha intebe y’ubwami ya sekuruza Dawidi, azima mu nzu ya Yakobo iteka ryose, ubwami bwe ntibuzashira” (Luka 1:31-33). Ni koko, Yesu w’i Nazareti ni we Mwami ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwari bwaravuze.

Amashusho y’abanyamadini akunze kugaragaza Yesu ari uruhinja, ari umuntu wishwe n’inzara utagira urutege, cyangwa ari umuntu wibabaza, wemera ibimugezeho byose ntagire icyo abikoraho. Ayo mashusho ntashobora gutuma umuntu amugirira icyizere cy’uko yaba Umutegetsi. Ariko kandi, Yesu Kristo nyawe Bibiliya ivuga yarakuze aba umugabo uhamye, ufite imbaraga, ugira ishyaka cyane kandi wafataga iya mbere. Yari anafite indi mico yatumye ashobora kuba umuyobozi (Luka 2:52). Dore bimwe mu byarangaga kamere ye ihebuje:

Yesu yakomeje gushikama mu buryo butunganye. Yari afite imyitwarire myiza kandi izira uburyarya, ku buryo yabwiye abanzi be ko niba bari bafite icyo bamurega gifatika, bakivugira aho mu ruhame. Barakibuze (Yohana 8:46). Inyigisho ze zitarangwagamo uburyarya zemezaga abantu benshi bafite imitima itaryarya kuba abigishwa be.—Yohana 7:46; 8:28-30; 12:19.

Yesu yari yariyeguriye Imana mu buryo bwuzuye. Yari yaramaramaje mu gusohoza umurimo Imana yari yaramuhaye, ku buryo yaba umuntu cyangwa dayimoni batari kumuca intege. Ntiyatewe ubwoba n’urugomo bamukoreye (Luka 4:28-30). Umunaniro hamwe n’inzara ntibyigeze bimuca intege (Yohana 4:5-16, 31-34). N’ubwo incuti ze zamuhanye zigahunga, ntiyigeze na rimwe ateshuka ku ntego ye.—Matayo 26:55, 56; Yohana 18:3-9.

Yesu yitaga ku bantu cyane. Yagaburiye abari bashonje (Yohana 6:10, 11). Yahumurije abari bihebye (Luka 7:11-15). Yakijije impumyi n’ibipfamatwi n’abandi bari barwaye (Matayo 12:22; Luka 8:43-48; Yohana 9:1-6). Yateye inkunga intumwa ze zakoranaga umwete (Yohana, igice cya 13-17). Yagaragaje ko ari ‘we mwungeri mwiza’ wita ku ntama ze.—Yohana 10:11-14.

Yakoranaga ubushake. Yogeje ibirenge by’intumwa ze kugira ngo azigishe isomo ry’ingenzi (Yohana 13:4-15). Yabwirije ubutumwa bwiza mu mihanda yo muri Isirayeli yabaga yuzuyemo umukungugu (Luka 8:1). Ndetse n’igihe yari ashatse kuruhukira ahantu ‘hiherereye,’ imbaga y’abantu benshi baje kumushaka ngo abigishe byinshi, maze arabigisha (Mariko 6:30-34). Muri ubwo buryo, yasigiye Abakristo bose urugero rwiza rwo gukorana umwete.—1 Yohana 2:6.

Yesu yashohoje inshingano ye maze ava ku isi. Kubera ko yabaye indahemuka, Yehova Imana yamugororeye kuba Umwami mu ijuru kandi amwambika ukudapfa. Bibiliya ivuga ibihereranye na Yesu wazutse igira iti “kuko tuzi yuko Kristo amaze kuzuka atagipfa, urupfu rukaba rutakimufiteho urutabi” (Abaroma 6:9). Ushobora kwiringira udashidikanya ko ari we Muyobozi mwiza cyane kurusha abandi ushobora gutegeka abantu. Igihe Kristo Yesu azaba ategeka isi yose, ntibizaba bikiri ngombwa gushyiraho undi mutegetsi cyangwa ngo bibe ngombwa ko hajyaho ubundi butegetsi. Ntazigera na rimwe yicwa mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwe, kandi ibyo azakora ntibizangizwa n’undi mutegetsi w’ikigwari wamusimbura. Ariko se, ni iki mu buryo bwihariye azakorera abantu kikazabagirira akamaro?

Ibyo uwo muyobozi mushya azakora

Zaburi ya 72 itubwira bumwe mu buhanuzi bw’ukuntu uwo Mwami utunganye kandi udapfa azategeka. Ku murongo wa 7 n’uwa 8, hagira hati “mu minsi ye abakiranutsi bazashisha, kandi hazabaho amahoro menshi, kugeza aho ukwezi kuzashirira. Azatwara ahereye ku nyanja ageze ku yindi nyanja, kandi ahereye kuri rwa Ruzi ageze ku mpera y’isi.” Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwe buzazana imigisha, abatuye isi bazagira umutekano uzahoraho iteka ryose.  Azasenya intwaro ziriho zose ndetse akure mu mutima w’umuntu icyifuzo cyo kurwana. Ba bantu usanga muri iki gihe batera abaturanyi babo bameze nk’intare zishonje cyangwa nk’amadubu yariye karungu, bazaba bahinduye imyifatire yabo (Yesaya 11:1-9). Amahoro azagwira.

Kuva ku murongo wa 12 kugeza ku wa 14, Zaburi ya 72 ikomeza igira iti “azakiza umukene ubwo azataka, n’umunyamubabaro utagira gitabara. Azababarira uworoheje n’umukene, ubugingo bw’abakene azabukiza. Azacungura ubugingo bwabo, abukize agahato n’urugomo, kandi amaraso yabo azaba ay’igiciro cyinshi imbere ye.” Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Umwami Yesu Kristo, uworoheje, umukene hamwe n’umunyamubabaro, bazaba mu bagize umuryango w’abantu wishimye kandi wunze ubumwe. Ubuzima bwabo buzarangwa n’ibyishimo, si agahinda no kwiheba.—Yesaya 35:10.

Umurongo wa 16 utanga isezerano rigira riti “hazabaho amasaka menshi mu gihugu no mu mpinga z’imisozi.” Muri iki gihe, ku isi hari abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bakomeje kuzahazwa n’inzara. Akenshi politiki ndetse n’umururumba ni byo bikunze gutuma ibyokurya bidasaranganywa neza, bityo ugasanga abantu benshi cyane, by’umwihariko abana, bicwa n’inzara. Ariko igihe Yesu Kristo azaba ategeka, icyo kibazo kizakemuka. Isi izagira umusaruro mwiza w’ibyokurya byiza cyane. Abantu bose bazarya bahage.

Mbese urifuza nawe kuzabona iyo migisha izazanwa n’ubwo butegetsi bwiza? Niba nawe ubishaka, turagutera inkunga yo kwiga ibihereranye n’uwo Muyobozi uzategeka isi yose vuba aha. Abahamya ba Yehova bazishimira kubigufashamo. Ntuzamanjirwa kuko Yehova Imana ubwe yavuze ku Mwana we agira ati “ni jye wimikiye Umwami wanjye, kuri Siyoni umusozi wanjye wera.”—Zaburi 2:6.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 5]

BAKUWE KU BUTEGETSI MU BURYO BUTUNGURANYE

Ubusanzwe iyo umutegetsi atumye abaturage be bagira amahoro n’imibereho myiza mu rugero runaka, na bo baramwubaha kandi bakamushyigikira. Icyakora iyo abaturage bamutakarije icyizere kubera impamvu runaka, aba ashobora gukurwa ku butegetsi mu gihe gito hakajyaho undi. Dore zimwe mu ngero z’imimerere yatumye abategetsi b’ibihangange bakurwa ku butegetsi mu buryo butunguranye.

Imibereho mibi. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 18, abaturage benshi b’Abafaransa bahatirwaga gutanga imisoro myinshi kandi ibyokurya babonaga ari bike. Ibyo biri mu byatumye haba Impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa, yatumye Umwami Louis XVI acibwa umutwe mu mwaka wa 1793.

Intambara. Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose yakuye ku butegetsi bamwe mu bami b’abami bari bakomeye cyane mu mateka. Urugero nko mu mwaka wa 1917, intambara yatumye haba ibura ry’ibiribwa mu mujyi wa St. Petersburg, mu Burusiya, kandi bituma haba Impinduramatwara yo muri Gashyantare. Iyo myivumbagatanyo yakuye ku ngoma Umwami w’Abami Nicholas II hajyaho ubutegetsi bw’Abakomunisiti. Mu Gushyingo 1918, u Budage bwashakaga amahoro, ariko ibihugu by’u Bufaransa, u Burusiya, u Bwongereza na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ntibyashakaga guhagarika intambara ubutegetsi budahindutse mu Budage. Ibyo byatumye Umwami w’abami w’u Budage Wilhelm II ahatirwa guhungira mu gihugu cy’u Buholandi.

Gushaka uburyo butandukanye bw’ubutegetsi. Mu mwaka wa 1989 icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti cyarasenyutse. Ubutegetsi bwari bukomeye cyane bwarahirimye igihe abaturage babwo bipakururaga Ubukomunisiti, maze bakishyiriraho ubutegetsi bunyuranye na bwo.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Yesu yagaburiye abari bashonje, akiza abarwayi kandi asigira Abakristo bose urugero rwiza

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 4 yavuye]

Lloyd George: Photo by Kurt Hutton/Picture Post/Getty Images