1919—Hashize imyaka ijana
MU MWAKA WA 1919, Intambara Ikomeye yamaze imyaka isaga ine (yaje kwitwa Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose), yari yararangiye. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1918, amahanga yaretse kurwana, maze ku itariki ya 18 Mutarama 1919 hatangira Inama y’Amahoro yabereye i Paris. Umwe mu myanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama, ni Amasezerano y’i Versailles, yatumye intambara yashyamiranyaga u Budage n’ibihugu byiyunze irangira. Ayo masezerano yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 28 Kamena 1919.
Nanone ayo masezerano yatumye hashyirwaho Umuryango w’Amahanga. Uwo muryango wari ugamije “kwimakaza amahoro n’umutekano ku isi no guharanira ko ibihugu bibana neza.” Amadini menshi yiyita aya gikristo yarawushyigikiye. Urugero, Inama Nkuru y’Amatorero ya Gikristo yo muri Amerika, yavuze ko wari “umuryango wo mu rwego rwa poritiki uhagarariye Ubwami bw’Imana hano ku isi.” Nanone yagaragaje ko ashyigikiye uwo muryango, yohereza intumwa muri ya Nama y’Amahoro yabereye i Paris. Imwe muri izo ntumwa yavuze ko iyo nama y’amahoro “yahinduye amateka y’isi.”
Koko rero, hari ibintu bikomeye byahindutse mu mateka, ariko bitavuye muri iyo nama y’amahoro. Mu mwaka wa 1919 Yehova yafashije abagize ubwoko bwe, batangira gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza mu rugero rwagutse kuruta mbere hose. Ariko mbere y’uko ibyo biba, hari umwanzuro ukomeye Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babanje gufata.
UMWANZURO UKOMEYE
Amatora y’abayobozi b’umuryango wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society yabaga buri mwaka, yari ateganyijwe ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 4 Mutarama 1919. Icyo gihe Joseph F. Rutherford wayoboraga umurimo wo kubwiriza n’abandi bavandimwe barindwi, bari bafungiwe muri gereza yo mu mugi wa Atlanta, muri leta ya Jeworujiya muri Amerika, barengana. Abavandimwe bagombaga kwemeza niba abayoboraga umurimo bari bafunzwe bari kongera gutorwa cyangwa niba bari gusimbuzwa abandi.
Umuvandimwe Rutherford yari ahangayikishijwe n’uko byari kuzagendekera umuryango wa Watch Tower. Yari azi ko hari abavandimwe bumvaga ko byaba byiza batoye undi muperezida w’uwo muryango. Ni yo mpamvu yandikiye abari muri iyo nama, ababwira ko we yumva Evander J. Coward ari we waba perezida. Yagaragaje ko Coward yari umuvandimwe “utuje,” “ushishoza” kandi wabereye “indahemuka” Umwami. Icyakora, abavandimwe benshi bifuje ko amatora yasubikwa, akazaba nyuma y’amezi atandatu. Abavoka baburaniraga abavandimwe bari bafunzwe barabyemeye.
Ariko mu gihe bari bakibiganiraho, abavandimwe bamwe bararakaye cyane.Hanyuma habaye ikintu Richard H. Barber yavuze ko cyakemuye izo mpaka. Umwe mu bari muri iyo nama yafashe ijambo, aravuga ati: “Si ndi umunyamategeko, ariko itegeko ry’ubudahemuka ryo ndarizi. Imana idusaba kuba indahemuka. Uburyo bwiza kurusha ubundi twagaragazamo ko turi indahemuka, ni ugutora Umuvandimwe Rutherford akongera akaba perezida.”—Zab 18:25.
A. H. Macmillan na we wari ufunzwe, yavuze ko bukeye bwaho Umuvandimwe Rutherford yakomanze aho yari afungiye, akamuhereza ibaruwa abavandimwe bari bamwandikiye igaragaza ibyavuye mu matora. Macmillan yahise atekereza ibirimo. Iyo baruwa yagaragazaga ko abari abayobozi bose bari bongeye gutorwa kandi ko Joseph Rutherford na William Van Amburgh bari bagumye ku myanya yabo. Ubwo rero, Umuvandimwe Rutherford yari gukomeza kuba perezida.
BAFUNGURWA
Igihe abo bavandimwe umunani bari bafunzwe, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya b’indahemuka bagendaga basaba abantu gushyira umukono ku nyandiko yasabaga leta kubarekura. Abo bavandimwe na bashiki bacu b’intwari, babonye abantu basaga 700.000 bemeye gushyira umukono kuri iyo nyandiko. Umuvandimwe Rutherford na bagenzi be bafunguwe ku wa Gatatu tariki ya 26 Werurwe 1919, iyo nyandiko itaroherezwa.
Umuvandimwe Rutherford yabwiye abamwakiriye ati: “Nemera ntashidikanya ko ibyatubayeho byari bigamije kudutegurira ibindi bintu bikomeye kurushaho. . . . Intambara mwarwanye ntiyari igamije gusa gufunguza abavandimwe banyu. Icyo si cyo cyari ik’ibanze. . . . Intambara mwarwanye yahesheje Yehova ikuzo, kandi abayirwanye bose babonye imigisha.”
Iyo urebye ibyabaye mu gihe bacirwaga urubanza, wibonera ko Yehova yari abirimo. Ku itariki ya 14 Gicurasi 1919, urukiko rw’ubujurire rwaravuze ruti: ‘Abaregwa muri uru rubanza bararenganyijwe. Ni yo mpamvu umwanzuro wari warafashwe usheshwe.’ Iyo abo bavandimwe bababarirwa cyangwa bakagabanyirizwa ibihano, bari gukomeza guhamwa n’ibyaha bikomeye bashinjwaga. Kuba urubanza rwarasheshwe, kandi ntibagire ibindi byaha bashinjwa, byatumye Umucamanza Rutherford agumana uburenganzira bwo kuburanira abagaragu ba Yehova mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika. Kandi koko amaze gufungurwa, yababuraniye kenshi.
BIYEMEZA KUBWIRIZA
Umuvandimwe Macmillan yaravuze ati: “Ntitwari tugiye kwiyicarira ngo tugereke akaguru ku kandi, dutegereje ko Umwami atujyana mu ijuru. Twabonye ko twagombaga kugira icyo dukora, kugira ngo tumenye icyo Umwami ashaka.”
Icyakora abavandimwe bakoraga mu bijyanye no gucapa ibitabo, ntibari guhita bongera gukora umurimo bari bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko igihe ba bavandimwe bayoboraga umurimo bafungwaga, bimwe mu bikoresho bakoreshaga byangiritse. Ibyo byaciye abantu intege, bituma bamwe batekereza ko ibyo kubwiriza birangiriye aho.
Ese hari abari bagishishikajwe n’ubutumwa bw’Ubwami Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babwirizaga? Kugira ngo Umuvandimwe Rutherford abimenye, yiyemeje gutanga disikuru kandi abantu bose bari batumiwe. Umuvandimwe Macmillan yaravuze ati: “Nihatagira umuntu n’umwe uza, turamenya ko umurimo warangiye.”
Bityo rero, ku Cyumweru tariki ya 4 Gicurasi 1919, nubwo Umuvandimwe Rutherford yari arwaye cyane, yatanze disikuru yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo: “Ibyiringiro ku bantu bihebye.” Yayitangiye i Los Angeles muri leta ya Kaliforuniya. Haje abantu bagera ku 3.500 kandi abandi babarirwa mu magana babuze aho bicara basubirayo. Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, haje abandi 1.500. Abavandimwe bari babonye igisubizo. Hari hakiri abantu bifuza kumenya ukuri.
Icyo abavandimwe bakoze nyuma yaho, cyabaye urufatiro rw’uko Abahamya ba Yehova bakora umurimo wo kubwiriza muri iki gihe.
BARI BIZEYE KO ABAKORERA YEHOVA BARI KUZIYONGERA
Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 1919 watangaje ko mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Nzeri, i Cedar Point muri leta ya Ohiyo hari kuzaba ikoraniro. Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya wari ukiri muto witwaga Clarence B. Beaty wo muri leta ya Misuri yaravuze ati: “Buri wese yumvaga agomba kujyayo.” Haje abavandimwe na bashiki bacu basaga 6.000, bakaba bari barenze kure cyane abari bitezwe. Ikindi kintu gishishikaje cyabaye muri iryo
koraniro, ni uko abantu basaga 200 babatirijwe mu kiyaga cya Érié kiri hafi aho.Ku itariki ya 5 Nzeri 1919, ukaba wari umunsi wa gatanu w’iryo koraniro, Umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze disikuru yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo: “Disikuru igenewe abo dufatanyije umurimo.” Yatangaje ko hasohotse igazeti nshya ya Nimukanguke! (icyo gihe yitwaga L’Age d’Or) *. Yari kuzajya isohokamo “amakuru y’ibintu by’ingenzi byabaye, ikanagaragaza impamvu zishingiye ku Byanditswe zatumye biba.”
Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bose bashishikarijwe kujya bakoresha iyo gazeti nshya mu gihe babwiriza. Ibaruwa yarimo amabwiriza arebana n’umurimo wo kubwiriza yagiraga iti: “Umuntu wese wabatijwe agomba kumenya ko umurimo wo kubwiriza ari inshingano ihebuje, kandi ko iki ari cyo gihe cyo kuyisohoza. Buri wese agomba kuwugiramo uruhare rufatika.” Abantu babyitabiriye ari benshi. Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza, ababwiriza bari bamaze kubona abantu basaga 50.000 bifuza kujya bohererezwa iyo gazeti nshya.
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1919, abagaragu ba Yehova bakoraga umurimo kuri gahunda kandi bafite ishyaka. Nanone kandi, hari ubuhanuzi buvuga iby’iminsi y’imperuka bwari bwaramaze gusohora. Icyo gihe abagaragu b’Imana bari bamaze kugeragezwa no gutunganywa, nk’uko byahanuwe muri Malaki 3:1-4. Bari baravuye mu bubata bwa “Babuloni Ikomeye,” kandi Yesu yari yarashyizeho ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’ * (Ibyah 18:2, 4; Mat 24:45). Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari biteguye gukora umurimo Yehova yifuzaga ko bakora.
^ par. 22 Mu mwaka wa 1937 L’Age d’Or yiswe Consolation, mu wa 1946 yitwa Nimukanguke!