Bafunzwe bazira ukwizera kwabo—Eritereya

FUNGURA

Hashize imyaka myinshi, Leta ya Eritereya ifata Abahamya ba Yehova ikabafunga. Muri bo harimo abagore n’abageze mu za bukuru, bafungwa batarigeze baburanishwa cyangwa ngo babwirwe ibyo baregwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Perezida Afwerki yaciye iteka ryo ku wa 25 Ukwakira 1994, ryambura Abahamya ubwenegihugu kuko batifatanyije muri referandumu yabaye mu mwaka wa 1993, kandi bakaba banga kujya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama wabo. Mbere y’uko abayobozi ba Eritereya bahatira abantu kujya mu gisirikare, hari harashyizweho gahunda yo gukora imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare. Icyo gihe, hari Abahamya benshi bayikoze, bahagarariwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi zitandukanye. Abayirangije bahabwaga ibyemezo bigaragaza ko bakoze imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro, kandi akenshi bashimirwaga iyo mirimo babaga bakoze. Icyakora hashingiwe ku iteka rya perezida, inzego zishinzwe umutekano zatangiye gufunga Abahamya ba Yehova, kubakorera ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo no kubabuza amahwemo kugira ngo bihakane ukwizera kwabo.

Ubu Abahamya ba Yehova 66 ni bo bafunzwe (abagabo 37 n’abagore 29). Muri Nzeri 2024, umubare w’abafunzwe wariyongereye, bitewe nuko abashinzwe umutekano bateye urugo rwaberagamo amateraniro, aho abantu bari bateranye batuje, maze bafata abantu 24. Abana babiri barimo bahise barekurwa. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, hari mushiki wacu ukuze ufite imyaka 85 na we wafashwe arafungwa. Abahamya ba Yehova 23 bahise boherezwa muri gereza ya Mai Serwa. Ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 2024, umwe muri abo Bahamya bari bafunzwe witwa Saron Ghebru wari utwite inda y’amezi icyenda, we n’umwana we w’imfura barafunguwe. Nanone ku itariki 15 Mutarama 2025, Umuhamya ufite imyaka 82, witwa Mizan Gebreyesus yarafunguwe.

Ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 2024, abanyeshuri bane, bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati ya 16 na 18, bafashwe n’abashinzwe umutekano, babahata ibibazo, kandi bahita babohereza muri gereza ya Mai Serwa. Ku itariki ya 22 Ugushyingo, abashinzwe umutekano bakuye ku ishuri umukobwa muto wa Almaz Gebrehiwot bamujyana ku biro bya polisi. Igihe Almaz yajyaga kureba umukobwa we ku biro bya polisi, barekuye umukobwa we baba ari we basigarana. Ubu Almaz aracyafungiwe ku biro bya polisi bya 5 biri mu gace ka Asmara.

Ubuzima bugoye bwo muri gereza

Abahamya ba Yehova bari muri gereza ya Mai Serwa no mu zindi gereza baba mu buzima bugoye cyane. Muri izo gereza imfungwa ziba ziri mu twumba duto, ku buryo kuryama biba bigoranye, aho usanga buri wese aba aryamiye urubavu kandi begeranye cyane. Usanga izo gereza nta n’ubwiherero zigira. Abagabo n’abagore bemererwa kujya aho twakwita nk’ubwiherero, ku masaha adahinduka kabiri ku munsi kandi abasirikare babareba. Nanone ntibahabwa imiti, ibyokurya n’amazi bihagije.

Ubwo buzima bugoye bwatumye Abahamya bane bagwa muri gereza zo muri Eritereya, naho abandi batatu bageze mu za bukuru, bapfa nyuma yo gufungurwa, bitewe n’imibereho mibi yo muri gereza.

Mu mwaka wa 2011 n’uwa 2012, hari Abahamya babiri bapfuye bazira kuba barafashwe nabi igihe bari muri gereza ya Meitir. Misghina Gebretinsae w’imyaka 62 wapfuye muri Nyakanga 2011 azira ko yari afungiwe ahantu hari ubushyuhe bukabije, aho bakunze kwita “ikuzimu.” Yohannes Haile w’imyaka 68, na we yapfuye ku itariki ya 16 Kanama 2012, nyuma yo kumara imyaka igera kuri ine afungiwe mu mimerere nk’iyo.
Abahamya batatu bageze mu za bukuru, ari bo Kahsai Mekonnen, Goitom Gebrekristos na Tsehaye Tesfamariam bapfuye bakimara gufungurwa kubera ubuzima bubi bwo muri gereza ya Meitir.
Mu mwaka wa 2018, Abahamya babiri bapfiriye muri gereza ya Mai Serwa bari baherutse kwimurirwamo. Abo ni Habtemichael Tesfamariam wapfuye ku itariki ya 3 Mutarama, afite imyaka 76 na Habtemichael Mekonnen wapfuye ku itariki ya 6 Werurwe, afite imyaka 77. Abayobozi bo muri Eritereya bafunze abo bagabo mu mwaka wa 2008 babarenganya.

Gufungwa igihe kitazwi

Abenshi mu Bahamya bafunzwe ntibaba bazi igihe bazarekurirwa. Baba bashobora no gufungwa kugeza bapfuye cyangwa bagafungurwa benda gupfa. Kubera ko nta mategeko yashyizweho muri icyo gihugu ashobora kubarenganura cyangwa ngo babe bajuririra inkiko, bashobora gufungwa ubuzima bwabo bwose.

Icyo twavuga kuri

Henok Ghebru

Henok Ghebru, afite imyaka 42. Yafunzwe ku itariki ya 24 Mutarama 2005, azira ko umutimanama we utamwemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Ubu ni we muhamya wa Yehova umaze imyaka myinshi afunzwe muri Eritereya. Yafashwe igihe abasirikare barimo bashaka abakiri bato bakwinjiza mu gisirikare.

Henok yavutse ku itariki ya 10 Kanama 1982, akurira mu muryango w’Abahamya ba Yehova. Yize Bibiliya, amaze kwemera ko ibyo yiga ari ukuri, afata umwanzuro yiyegurira Yehova Imana, maze abatizwa muri Gashyantare 2004. Hatarashira n’umwaka yahise afungwa. Papa we witwa Ghebru Berhane, we yafunzwe inshuro enye na we azira ukwizera kwe (inshuro ebyiri mu mwaka wa 1970, muri 2006-2008 no muri 2014-2020). Mushiki we Saron Ghebru na we yafunzwe inshuro nyinshi, ariko vuba aha yarafunguwe.

Mbere yuko afungwa, Henok yakoranaga n’umuryango we kandi agafasha papa we kwita ku matungo ye. Yifuzaga kuzakora iby’amashanyarazi kandi akunda gukina, by’umwihariko umupira w’amaguru. Nanone yari yarishyiriyeho intego yo kumara igihe kinini akorera Imana.

Henock yarwaye umugongo bitewe n’imirimo iruhije yakoreye muri gereza. Yigeze no kumara imyaka irindwi ababara cyane bitewe nuko atavurwaga. Ntiyari yemerewe kubonana n’umuganga cyangwa guhabwa imiti n’incuti ye cyangwa mwene wabo. Nyuma yaje kwemererwa kubagwa.

Henock akomeje kubera Imana indahemuka nubwo yahanganye n’ibyo bibazo byose, mu gihe amaze afunzwe. Akenshi atekereza ku murongo akunda wo muri Zaburi 100:5, kuko utuma arushaho kwiringira Imana.

Ibyo imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu yasabye ntibyubahirizwa

Eritereya ikomeje kwanga gukora ibyo yasabwe n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Iyo miryango yamaganye ibikorwa Eritereya ikora byo kutubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ibanze kandi iyisaba kubihagarika.

Mu mwaka wa 2014, intumwa yihariye y’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gaharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, yatanze raporo igaragaza uko iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu rihagaze muri Eritereya. Iyo raporo yasabaga abayobozi b’icyo gihugu kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abantu bayoborwa n’umutimanama no kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’imfungwa, nk’uko bivugwa mu “mategeko mpuzamahanga.” Nanone iyo raporo yasabaga ko “abantu bose bakeneye kwivuza bavurwa . . . kandi uburyo abantu bafungwamo bugahuzwa n’amahame mpuzamahanga.” Mu mwaka wa 2015, ako kanama kasabye guverinoma ya Eritereya “kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abantu bayoborwa n’umutimanama no gushyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare.”
Mu mwaka wa 2016, komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yita ku bibazo by’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu yavuze ko abategetsi ba Eritereya bakoze “ibyaha byibasira inyoko muntu” bitewe n’uko batoteza Abahamya ba Yehova n’abandi bantu “babahora idini n’ubwoko bwabo.”
Mu mwaka wa 2017, komite igizwe n’impuguke zo muri Afurika zikurikirana ibibazo by’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’abana (CAEDBE), yagaragaje ko ihangayikishijwe n’uko abana b’Abahamya ba Yehova bakomeje gufatwa nabi no kuvutswa uburenganzira bwabo, nubwo hari amategeko abarengera. Iyo komite yasabye Eritereya “kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abana bwo kuvuga icyo batekereza, kuyoborwa n’umutimanama wabo no kujya mu idini bashaka, badakorewe ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose.”
Mu mwaka wa 2018, Komisiyo ya Afurika Yita ku Burenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu yasabye ko Eritereya “ifata ingamba mu maguru mashya, ikubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abantu bose bafunzwe, harimo . . . n’Abahamya ba Yehova,” kandi igakora iperereza ku cyahitanye Abahamya baguye muri gereza. Iyo komisiyo yatsindagirije ko Eritereya igomba guha Abahamya ba Yehova “uburenganzira nk’ubw’abandi benegihugu bose.”
Muri Gicurasi 2019, Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, yasabye Eritereya kubahiriza uburenganzira abantu bafite bwo kujya mu idini bashaka kandi “igafungura abantu bose bafunzwe bazira gukora ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’idini, harimo n’Abahamya ba Yehova.” Nanone iyo komite yasabye icyo gihugu “kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abantu bayoborwa n’umutimanama, bagashyirirwaho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare.”
Muri raporo yasohotse ku itariki ya 12 Gicurasi 2021, intumwa yihariye y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yasabye leta ya Eritereya “guhita irekura nta mananiza abantu bose bafunzwe nta cyo baregwa cyangwa bataraciriwe imanza ahubwo bagafungwa bazira idini ryabo, muri abo harimo Abahamya ba Yehova 20.” Nanone kandi Leta yasabwe “gusuzuma imyanzuro yashingiweho bambura ubwenegihugu Abahamya ba Yehova kubera imyizerere yabo. Eritereya igomba no kubahiriza ibyo Komisiyo Nyafurika Iharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu n’ubw’Abaturage yasabye ku birebana no gusubiza ubwenegihugu Abahamya ba Yehova kandi igakora iperereza ku cyishe Abahamya baguye muri gereza.”

Uko ibintu byagiye bikurikirana

Ku itariki ya 17 Gashyantare 2025

Abahamya bose hamwe bafunzwe ni 66.
Ku itariki ya 22 Ugushyingo 2024

Almaz Gebrehiwot yafunzwe azira kwanga kujya mu ishyaka rya politike.
Ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 2024

Abahamya ba Yehova bane b’abanyeshuri barafashwe kandi boherezwa muri gereza ya Mai Serwa.
Ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2024

Abahamya ba Yehova makumyabiri na batatu barafashwe kandi boherezwa muri gereza ya Mai Serwa. Babiri baje kurekurwa.
Ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare 2021

Abahamya batatu barafunguwe.
Ku itariki ya 29 Mutarama 2021

Umuhamya umwe yarafunguwe.
Ku itariki ya 4 Ukuboza 2020

Abahamya ba Yehova 28 barafunguwe.
Ku itariki ya 6 Werurwe 2018

Umuvandimwe witwa Habtemichael Mekonnen yarapfuye. Yari afite imyaka 77 kandi yapfuye amaze koherezwa muri gereza ya Mai Serwa.
Ku itariki ya 3 Mutarama 2018

Umuvandimwe witwa Habtemichael Tesfamariam yarapfuye. Yari afite imyaka 76 kandi yapfuye amaze koherezwa muri gereza ya Mai Serwa.
Muri Nyakanga 2017

Abahamya bose bari bafungiwe mu kigo cya Meitir boherejwe muri gereza ya Mai Serwa, iri hanze y’umugi wa Asmara.
Ku itariki ya 25 Nyakanga 2014

Abenshi mu bafashwe ku itariki ya 14 Mata barafunguwe, ariko abagera kuri 20 mu bafashwe ku itariki ya 27 Mata baracyafunzwe.
Ku itariki ya 27 Mata 2014

Abahamya mirongo itatu n’umwe bafashwe bari mu materaniro biga Bibiliya.
Ku itariki ya 14 Mata 2014

Abahamya basaga 90 bafashwe bizihiza Urwibutso rw’Urupfu rwa Kristo ruba buri mwaka.
Ku itariki ya 16 Kanama 2012

Yohannes Haile w’imyaka 68 ni bwo yapfuye, ubwo yari afungiwe mu mimerere mibi cyane.
Muri Nyakanga 2011

Misghina Gebretinsae w’imyaka 62 ni bwo yapfuye, ubwo yari afungiwe mu mimerere mibi cyane.
Ku itariki ya 28 Kamena 2009

Abategetsi bigabije urugo rw’Umuhamya ubwo bari muri gahunda zabo zo gusenga, maze bafata Abahamya 23 bari aho, bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati ya 2 na 80.
Ku itariki ya 28 Mata 2009

Abategetsi bimuye imfungwa zose z’Abahamya ba Yehova zari zifungiwe kuri sitasiyo za porisi bazijyana muri gereza ya Meitir, uretse Umuhamya umwe.
Ku itariki ya 8 Nyakanga 2008

Abategetsi batangiye gusaka ingo z’Abahamya n’aho bakorera bafata Abahamya 24, abenshi muri bo bakaba ari bo batungaga abagize imiryango yabo.
Muri Gicurasi 2002

Leta yahagaritse amadini mato yose atabarizwa mu madini ane akomeye yemewe na leta.
Ku itariki ya 25 Ukwakira 1994

Perezida yaciye iteka rigamije kwambura Abahamya ba Yehova ubwenegihugu hamwe n’ubundi burenganzira bw’ibanze.
Ku itariki ya 17 Nzeri 1994

Paulos Eyassu, Isaac Mogos na Negede Teklemariam bafunzwe batazi icyo baregwa kandi bataburanishijwe.
Mu myaka ya 1950

Ni bwo umuryango w’Abahamya ba Yehova watangiye gukorera muri Eritereya.

Ibindi wamenya

AMAKURU

Abahamya ba Yehova bafunzwe bazira ukwizera kwabo—Aho bafungiwe

Abahamya ba Yehova bafungiwe mu bihugu bitandukanye bazira ukwizera kwabo, kandi rimwe na rimwe bafungirwa mu mimerere mibi.

AMAKURU

Icyo abahanga bavuga ku kibazo cy’umutimanama

Ibihugu hafi ya byose byemera ko kwanga kujya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’ikiremwamuntu. Iyumvire impamvu abahanga bakora mu miryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bavuga ko icyo kibazo kireba isi yose.

AMAKURU