Atari—Ine Nzvimbo Yei Mukunamata?

UNOONA atari sechinhu chinokosha mukunamata kwako here? Kuvazhinji vanopinda machechi echiKristudhomu, atari ingava chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Wati wambofunga zvinotaura Bhaibheri nezvokushandiswa kweatari mukunamata here?

Atari yokutanga inotaurwa muBhaibheri ndeiya yakavakwa naNoa kuti ape zvibayiro zvemhuka paakabuda muareka yakavachengetedza pashure peBoporodzi. *—Genesi 8:20.

Pashure pokupesaniswa kwemitauro paBhabheri, vanhu vakapararira munyika yose. (Genesi 11:1-9) Vachiziva nomuzvarirwo kuti kuna Mwari, vanhu vakatsvaka kuswedera pedyo naMwari, wavakanga vasingazivi zvikuru, ‘vachimutsvangadzira’ kunge mapofu. (Mabasa 17:27; VaRoma 2:14, 15) Kubvira muzuva raNoa vanhu vakawanda vakavakira vanamwari vavo atari. Zvitendero nevanhu vakashandisa atari mukunamata kwenhema. Zvavakanga vaparadzaniswa naMwari wechokwadi, vamwe vakashandisa atari kuita tsika dzakaipisisa dzinosanganisira kubayira vanhu, kunyange vana. Paakasiya Jehovha, mamwe madzimambo aIsraeri akavakira atari vanamwari vechihedheni, vakadai saBhaari. (1 Madzimambo 16:29-32) Asi zvakadini nokushandiswa kweatari mukunamata kwechokwadi?

Atari Nokunamata Kwechokwadi muIsraeri

Pashure paNoa, vamwe varume vakatendeka vakavaka atari kuti vadzishandise mukunamata kwavo Mwari wechokwadi, Jehovha. Abrahamu akavaka atari paShekemi, pane imwe nzvimbo yaiva pedyo neBheteri, paHebroni, uye paGomo reMoriya, apo akabayira gondohwe raakapiwa naMwari panzvimbo yaIsaka. Gare gare, Isaka, Jakobho, naMosesi vakanzwa mumwoyo mavo vachida kuvaka atari kuti vadzishandise mukunamata kwavo Mwari.—Genesi 12:6-8; 13:3, 18; 22:9-13; 26:23-25; 33:18-20; 35:1, 3, 7; Eksodho 17:15, 16; 24:4-8.

Mwari paakapa vanhu vaIsraeri Mutemo wake, akarayira kuti vagadzire tebhenekeri, tende yaitakurika, yainziwo “tende rokusongana,” kuti ive chinhu chikuru paurongwa hwokutaura naye. (Eksodho 39:32, 40) Tebhenekeri, kana kuti tende, yaiva neatari mbiri. Yezvibayiro zvinopiswa, yaiva yakagadzirwa nomuti womubayamhondoro uye yakafukidzwa nendarira, yakaiswa pamberi pesuo uye yaishandiswa kupira zvibayiro zvemhuka. (Eksodho 27:1-8; 39:39; 40:6,  29) Atari yezvinonhuwira, yaivawo yomuti womubayamhondoro asi yakafukidzwa nendarama, yakaiswa mukati metebhenekeri, pamberi pomucheka weNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene. (Eksodho 30:1-6; 39:38; 40:5, 26, 27) Zvinonhuwirira zvakasarudzwa zvaipiswa ipapo kaviri pazuva, mumangwanani uye mumanheru. (Eksodho 30:7-9) Temberi yechigarire yakavakwa naMambo Soromoni yakatevedza magadzirirwo etebhenekeri, iine atari mbiri.

“Tende Rechokwadi” Neatari Yokufananidzira

Jehovha paakapa Israeri Mutemo, akapa zvakawanda kwazvo zvinodarika mirayiro kuti adzore upenyu hwevanhu vake nokutaura kwavo naye vachishandisa zvibayiro nomunyengetero. Zvakawanda zvourongwa hwawo zvaisanganisira zvakadanwa nomuapostora Pauro kuti “mufananidzo chaiwo,” “mufananidzo,” kana kuti “mumvuri wezvinhu zvokudenga.” (VaHebheru 8:3-5; 9:9; 10:1; VaKorose 2:17) Nemamwe mashoko, zvinhu zvakawanda zvoMutemo zvakanga zvisingatungamiriri vaIsraeri kusvika pakuuya kwaKristu chete asiwo zvakafanoratidza zvinangwa zvaMwari zvaizozadzika nomuna Jesu Kristu. (VaGaratiya 3:24) Chokwadi, zvimwe zvinhu zvoMutemo zvaikosha muuprofita. Somuenzaniso, gwayana rePaseka, iro raiva neropa raishandiswa sechiratidzo chokuponeswa kwevaIsraeri, rakafanofananidzira Jesu Kristu. Ndiye “Gwayana raMwari rinobvisa chivi chenyika,” ane ropa rakadeurwa kutisunungura muchivi.—Johani 1:29; VaEfeso 1:7.

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvaiva nechokuita netebhenekeri nebasa repatemberi zvaifananidzira zvinhu chaizvo zvokumudzimu. (VaHebheru 8:5; 9:23) Zvechokwadi, Pauro anonyora nezve“tende rechokwadi, iro Jehovha akamisa, kwete munhu.” Anoenderera mberi achiti: ‘Kristu akauya somupristi mukuru wezvinhu zvakanaka zvakaitika, nomutende guru uye rakakwana risina kuitwa nemaoko, kureva kuti, risiri rokusikwa kuno.’ (VaHebheru 8:2; 9:11) ‘Tende guru uye rakakwana” raiva urongwa hwetemberi huru yaJehovha yokumudzimu. Mutauro womuMagwaro unoratidza kuti temberi huru yokumudzimu urongwa hunoshandiswa nevanhu kutaura naJehovha kuburikidza nechibayiro chaJesu Kristu chokuyananisa.—VaHebheru 9:2-10, 23-28.

Kudzidza muShoko raMwari kuti humwe urongwa uye zvaidiwa noMutemo zvaifananidzira zvinhu chaizvo zvokumudzimu zvikuru, uye zvinokosha chokwadi kunoita kuti titende kuti Bhaibheri rakafuridzirwa. Kunowedzerawo kuonga kwedu uchenjeri hwaMwari hunonyatsooneka muMagwaro.—VaRoma 11:33; 2 Timoti 3:16.

Atari yezvibayiro zvinopiswa inokoshawo muuprofita. Inoita seinomiririra “kuda” kwaMwari, kana kuti kuda kwake kubvuma chibayiro chakakwana chaJesu somunhu.—VaHebheru 10:1-10.

Gare gare mubhuku raVaHebheru, Pauro anotaura mashoko aya anobata pfungwa: “Tine atari iyo avo vanoita basa dzvene patende vasina simba rokudyira pairi.” (VaHebheru 13:10) Aireva atari ipi?

Vaturikiri vakawanda veKaturike vanoti atari yakataurwa pana VaHebheru 13:10 ndeiya inoshandiswa paChirayiro chaKristu, “sakaramende” inonzi inoita kuti chibayiro chaKristu chivezve chitsva paMisa. Asi unogona kuona kubva mumashoko aitaurwa nezvawo kuti atari yaitaurwa naPauro ndeyokufananidzira. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti shoko rokuti “atari” murugwaro urwu rine pfungwa  yokufananidzira. Kuna Giuseppe Bonsirven, nhengo yeRoma Katurike, “izvi zvinopindirana zvakakwana nokutaura kwose kwokufananidzira kwetsamba [yakanyorerwa vaHebheru].” Anoti: “Mumutauro wechiKristu, shoko rokuti ‘atari’ rinotanga kushandiswa mupfungwa yokumudzimu uye pangori pashure paIrenaeus, uye zvikurukuru Tertullian naSt. Cyprian, parinoshandiswa sechirayiro chaKristu uye zvikurukuru kureva tafura yechirayiro chaKristu.”

Sezvakataurwa nemagazini yeKaturike, kushandiswa kweatari kwakapararira “munguva yaConstantine” no“kuvakwa kwemachechi.” Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana (Christian Archaeology Review) yakati: “Ichokwadi kuti kwemazana maviri emakore okutanga, hapana uchapupu hwokuti pane yainzi ndiyo nzvimbo chaiyo yokunamatira asi kuungana kwaiitwa setsika mumakamuri edzimba dzevanhu . . . , makamuri aizoshandiswa basa rawo renguva dzose, kana mhemberero yangopera.”

Kushandisa Atari KwechiKristudhomu

“Atari,” inodaro magazini yeKaturike La Civiltà Cattolica “ndiyo musimboti kwete wechivako chechechi chete asiwo weChechi mhenyu.” Asi, Jesu Kristu haana kutanga kunyange mhemberero imwe chete zvayo yechitendero yaizofanira kuitirwa paatari; uye haana kurayira vadzidzi vake kuita mhemberero vachishandisa atari. Kutaura kwaJesu nezveatari kuri pana Mateu 5:23, 24 uye pamwewo kunoreva miitiro yechitendero yakanga yakapararira pavaJudha, asi haana kuratidza kuti vateveri vake vaifanira kunamata Mwari vachishandisa atari.

Munyori wenhau dzakaitika kare wokuAmerica George Foot Moore (1851-1931), akanyora kuti: “Zvinhu zvikuru mukunamata kwechiKristu zvaiva zvakafanana nguva dzose, asi nokufamba kwenguva mhemberero dzaisakosha dzakarondedzerwa naJustin pakati pezana remakore rechipiri dzakaitwa nenzira yemaoresa.” Tsika dzechiKaturike nemhemberero dzoruzhinji dzechitendero dzakawanda kwazvo uye dzakaoma zvokuti hadzibviri kudzidzidza—tsika yokunamata—muzvikoro zveKaturike. Moore anoenderera mberi achiti: “Muitiro uyu, unowanika mumhemberero dzose, wakafambisirwa mberi kwazvo neTestamendi Yekare apo vafundisi vechiKristu vakasvika pakuonekwa sevatsivi vevapristi vemanamatiro aimbovapo. Zvipfeko zvakaisvonaka zvomupristi mukuru, zvipfeko zvemhemberero zvevamwe vapristi, midungwe yakarongeka, mapoka evaimbi vechiRevhi vaiimba mapisarema, utsi hwezvinonhuwira hwaibva mumidziyo inovheya-vheya yokupisira zvinonhuwira—zvose zvaitaridzika somuenzaniso waMwari wokunamata kwechitendero, zvakaita kuti chechi iedze kudarika mukurumbira wemapoka ekare ezvitendero.”

Ungashamisika kuziva kuti tsika dzakawanda, mhemberero, zvipfeko, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukunamata nemachechi akasiyana-siyana, zvinotevedzera maitiro netsika dzevaJudha nevahedheni, kwete dzidziso dzechiKristu dzomuEvhangeri. Enciclopedia Cattolica inotaura kuti chiKaturike “chakagara nhaka kushandisa atari kubva kuchiJudha uyewo kuvahedheni.” Minucius Felix, aiva mudziviriri wezvitendero muzana remakore rechitatu C.E., akanyora kuti vaKristu vakanga ‘vasina temberi kana atari.’ Duramazwi reenisaikoropidhiya rinonzi Religioni e Miti (Zvitendero neNgano) rinotiwo: “VaKristu vokutanga vakaramba kushandisa atari kuti vazvisiyanise nokunamata kwevaJudha uye kwevahedheni.”

Nokuti chiKristu chakanga chakanyanya kutsamira panhungamiro dzaifanira kugamuchirwa uye kushandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye munyika yose, pakanga pasisina chikonzero chokuva neguta dzvene pasi pano, kana chetemberi inooneka ine atari, kana kuti chokuva nevapristi vane chinzvimbo chinokosha vakapfeka zvipfeko zvakasiyana nezvevamwe. “Awa iri kuuya,” akadaro Jesu, “apo musingazonamatiri Baba mugomo iri kana muJerusarema. . . . Vanamati vechokwadi vachanamata Baba nomudzimu nechokwadi.” (Johani 4:21, 23) Kuoma kwetsika dzezvitendero uye kushandiswa kweatari nemachechi akawanda kusava nehanya nezvakataurwa naJesu nezvenzira iyo Mwari wechokwadi anofanira kunamatwa nayo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]