Anyani Ochititsa Chidwi a ku Indonesia

NYANI wamkulu ankatiyang’ana atalendewera pakanthambi kakang’ono kamene kankaoneka ngati kakhoza kuthyoka nthawi ina iliyonse. Nafenso tinkamuyang’anitsitsa ndipo tinkayesetsa kuti tisachite phokoso lililonse. Nyaniyo ankaoneka kuti alibe nafe ntchito koma ifeyo tinkachita naye chidwi kwambiri. Zinali zochititsa chidwi kuonana maso ndi maso ndi anyani amenewa, omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti orangutan. Dzinali linachokera ku mawu awiri a chilankhulo cha ku Indonesia akuti orang ndi hutan, omwe amatanthauza “mphongo ya m’nkhalango.” Anyaniwa amakhala ndi ubweya wofiira ndipo ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa nyama zina zonse zokhala m’mitengo.

Anyani amenewa ali m’gulu limodzi ndi anyani akuluakulu monga gorilla ndi chimpanzee. Anyaniwa amakonda kukhala okha ndipo ndi ofatsa. Amapezeka m’nkhalango zowirira kwambiri ku Borneo ndi Sumatra, zomwe ndi zilumba zazikulu kwambiri za kum’mwera chakummawa kwa Asia.

Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza anyani amenewa? Dikirani tikufotokozereni zimene tinaona titapita kukaona anyaniwa mkatikati mwa nkhalango ina ku Borneo.

Ulendo Wokaona Anyaniwa

Kuti tikaone anyaniwa, tinapita kunkhalango yotetezedwa ndi boma ya Tanjung Puting kumene kuli nyama zosiyanasiyana. Kunkhalangoyi kuli anyani ambirimbiri, ndipo anthu ambiri amapitako n’cholinga choti akaone anyaniwa.

Ulendo wathu unayambira padoko laling’ono limene lili pamtsinje wa Kumai. Padokoli tinakwera boti lamatabwa loyendera injini. Tinakwera ndi mtsinjewo n’kumalowera mkatikati mwa nkhalangoyo, mmene munali mowirira kwambiri. M’mphepete monse mwa mtsinjewo munali mitengo yambiri ya kanjedza, ndipo m’madzimo munali ng’ona zambirimbiri. Tinkamva phokoso losiyanasiyana lachilendo kuchokera munkhalangomo, ndipo zimenezi zinkatichititsa kuona kuti tikuchedwa kufika.

Titatsika botilo, tinadzola mankhwala otiteteza ku tizilombo ndipo kenako tinalowa munkhalangomo. Titangoyenda pang’ono, tinaona nyani wamkulu amene  tamutchula koyambirira uja. Anali ndi ubweya wofiira utaliutali komanso wanyankhalala. Dzuwa likamawala, ubweya wakewo unkanyezimira. Nyaniyo ankaoneka wojintcha komanso wamphamvu kwambiri.

Anyani amphongo amatha kutalika mamita 1.7 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 90. Anyaniwa amalemera kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa anyani aakazi. Anyani amphongo akakula, amakhala ndi masaya onenepa kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti nkhope yawo izioneka yophwathalala ndiponso yozungulira. Amakhalanso ndi chinachake cholendewera pakhosi, chimene chimawathandiza kukuwa kapena kubangula. Nthawi zina amabangula kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo mawu awo amamveka patali kwambiri. Amatha kubangula kwa mphindi zisanu ndipo mawuwo amatha kupita patali, mwina mtunda wa makilomita awiri. Anyani amphongo nthawi zambiri amabangula pofuna kukopa anyani aakazi kapena kuopseza anyani ena amphongo.

Amakonda Kukhala M’mitengo

Tikuyendabe m’tinjira ta m’nkhalangomo, tinaona anyani akulendewera m’mitengo. Mapazi ndi manja awo ndi amphamvu ndipo amatha kutembenukira kulikonse, komanso zala zawo n’zokhota ngati mbedza. Manja awo ali ndi zala zinayi zitalizitali ndi chala chamanthu chachifupi. Mapazi a anyaniwa amakhala ndi zala zikuluzikulu. Anyaniwa savutika kugwira nthambi ndipo amatha kudumphira panthambi zina mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amadumphadumpha m’mitengomo mtima uli zii.

Anyaniwa amatha kubisala mosavuta m’nkhalangomo, chifukwa maonekedwe awo sasiyana kwenikweni ndi mitengo. Akakhala pansi amayenda pang’onopang’ono, ndipo munthu akhoza kuwapitirira mosavuta.

Nthawi zambiri anyaniwa amakhala m’mitengo, ndipo pa anyani onse akuluakulu, ndi anyani okhawa amene amachita zimenezi. Masiku ambiri dzuwa likamalowa, amasankha malo abwino paphanda la mtengo n’kuunjikapo tinthambi ting’onoting’ono ndi tizitsotso, kenako n’kugona. Akatero amakhala ngati agona pa bedi lam’mwamba, chifukwa malowa amakhala patali kwambiri, mwina mamita 20 kuchokera pansi. Kukamagwa mvula, nthawi zina amawonjezera nthambi zina pamwamba pa bedilo kuti zikhale ngati denga. Ntchito yonseyi imawatengera mphindi pafupifupi zisanu zokha basi. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi anyani okhawa amene amamanga denga, chifukwa anyani a mitundu ina, monga chimpanzee ndi gorilla sachita zimenezi.

Chakudya chimene anyaniwa amakonda kwambiri ndi zipatso, ndipo n’chifukwa chake amakonda kupezeka m’mitengo. Anyaniwa amakumbukira zinthu kwambiri, ndipo amadziwa bwinobwino kumene angapeze zipatso zakupsa ndiponso nthawi imene angakazipezeko. Amadyanso masamba, makungwa, tinthambi tongophuka kumene, uchi, ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina anyaniwa amatenga kandodo n’kumakombera uchi kapena kutulutsira tizilombo ku mabowo  a mtengo. Anyaniwa amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, mwina zopitirira mitundu 400.

Tikuyendabe m’nkhalangomo, tinaonanso chinthu china chochititsa chidwi. Tinapeza anyani akudya nthochi zomwe zinali pamulu. Anyani amenewa analeredwa ndi anthu, kenako anakawasiya munkhalangomo. Choncho, sanaphunzire luso losiyanasiyana limene limafunika kuti azitha kukhala munkhalangomo, ndipo amawapatsa zakudya kuti aziwonjezera pa zakudya zimene amapeza okha.

Moyo wa Anyaniwa

Tinaonanso tiana tokongola ta anyaniwa titamatirira amayi awo ndiponso tiana tina tokulirapo tikusewerasewera pansi komanso m’mitengo. Anyani aakazi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 45. Amayamba kubereka akafika zaka 15 kapena 16, ndipo amabereka kamodzi pa zaka 7 kapena 8 zilizonse. Anyani ambiri aakazi amakhala ndi ana osapitirira atatu moyo wawo wonse. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anyaniwa ali m’gulu la nyama zimene zimachedwa kwambiri kuchulukana padziko lonse.

Nyani wamkazi ndi mwana wake amakondana kwambiri. Anyani aakazi amayamwitsa ndi kuphunzitsa ana awo kwa zaka 8 kapena kuposa pamenepa. M’chaka choyamba cha moyo wake, mwana wa nyani amakhala ndi mayi ake kulikonse. Kenako amachoka, koma satalikirana naye kwambiri mpaka mayiyo abereke mwana wina. Anyani aakazi okulirapo amakhalabe ndi mayi awo kuti aziona mmene mayiwo akusamalirira mwana.

Koma mayiyo akangobereka mwana wina, amathamangitsa mwana wake wamphongo amene anali naye. Zikatero, ana amphongowa amangoyendayenda munkhalangomo okhaokha, ndipo amatha kupita kutali, mwina kupitirira mtunda wa makilomita 15 kuchokera kumene kuli mayi awo. Amapewa kukumana ndi anyani ena amphongo, ndipo amangokumana ndi anyani aakazi pa nthawi yokhayo imene akufuna mkazi.

Koma anyani aakazi nthawi zambiri amakhala m’dera laling’ono lomwelomwelo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi zina amadyera limodzi ndi anyani ena aakazi mumtengo umodzi, koma sacheza nawo kwenikweni. Moyo wosakonda kucheza ndi anyani anzawo  umenewu umasiyanitsa anyaniwa ndi mitundu ina ya anyani akuluakulu. Koma kuti tidziwe zinanso zokhudza anyaniwa, tinapitanso kumalo ena.

Anyaniwa Atsala Pang’ono Kutha

Mkati mwa malo otetezedwawa muli malo ena otchedwa Camp Leakey, kumene amasamalira anyani odwala, amachitirako kafukufuku, komanso kuphunzitsa katetezedwe ka anyaniwa. Dzina la malowa linachokera kwa Louis Leakey, yemwe anali katswiri wophunzira za anthu ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Pamalo amenewa pali anyani ambiri. Pa tsikuli, ena anabwera pafupi nafe ndipo ankaoneka kuti akufuna kuti tiwajambule komanso ankachita masewera odumphadumpha. Nyani wina wamkulu anafika pafupi kwambiri mpaka anagwira jekete la mnzanga amene ndinali naye. Tinasangalala kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi mwayi wowaonera pafupi anyani okongolawa.

Malo otchedwa Camp Leakey anakhazikitsidwa chifukwa chakuti anyaniwa atsala pang’ono kutha. Akatswiri ena a zinthu zachilengedwe akuganiza kuti n’zokayikitsa kuti anyaniwa akhalapobe kwa nthawi yaitali. Akuti mwina kwangotsala zaka 10 kapenanso kuchepera pamenepa kuti anyaniwa atheretu. Pali zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu zimene zikuchititsa kuti anyaniwa azitha.

Kudula mitengo. Pa zaka 20 zapitazi, dera lalikulu limene kunkakhala anyaniwa lawonongedwa chifukwa chodula mitengo. Ku Indonesia, pa mphindi iliyonse anthu amadula mitengo dera lalikulu lokwana masikweya kilomita 51. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti pa mphindi iliyonse, dera lokwana mabwalo osewerera mpira asanu limawonongedwa.

Anthu osaka. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri ayamba kukhala pafupi ndi nkhalango, anyani ambiri akuphedwa ndi alenje. Chigaza cha nyani mmodzi chimatha kugulitsidwa madola 70 kwa alendo amene amabwera m’dzikoli, ngakhale kuti malonda amenewa ndi oletsedwa ndi boma. Anthu ena amapha anyaniwa chifukwa amaona kuti akusakaza zomera zawo, pamene ena amawapha pofuna kupeza ndiwo.

Malonda a tiana ta anyani. Tiana tokongola ta anyaniwa timagulitsidwa pa mtengo wokwera kwambiri, mwina mpaka madola masauzande angapo kamwana kamodzi, ngakhale kuti malondawanso ndi oletsedwa. Akuti mwina ana okwana pafupifupi 1,000 a anyaniwa amagulitsidwa chaka chilichonse.

Boma komanso mabungwe ena akuyesetsa kuteteza anyaniwa kuti asatheretu. Akuchita zimenezi pokhazikitsa malo osamalira anyaniwa, kuphunzitsa anthu za kufunika kwa anyaniwa, kukhazikitsa nkhalango zotetezedwa, ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti anthu sakudula mitengo mwachisawawa.

Baibulo limanena kuti posachedwapa Mulungu ‘awononga iwo owononga dziko lapansi,’ ndipo dziko lonse lidzakhala paradaiso. (Chivumbulutso 11:18; Yesaya 11:4-9; Mateyo 6:10) Pa nthawi imeneyo, mawu a wamasalmo adzakwaniritsidwa, akuti: “Mitengo yonse ya kunkhalango idzafuula mokondwera.” (Salmo 96:12) Nyama monga anyani a ku Indonesia, zidzachulukana kwambiri ndipo sizidzasakazidwanso ndi anthu.

[Mapu patsamba 15]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

MALAYSIA

Borneo

INDONESIA

Sumatra

AUSTRALIA

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Nyani wamkulu wamphongo amakhala ndi masaya onenepa kwambiri

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© imagebroker/Alamy

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Anyaniwa amayenda mofulumira akakhala m’mitengo, koma akakhala pansi amayenda pang’onopang’ono

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Top: © moodboard/Alamy; bottom: Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut