Adziweni Anthu a ku East Timor

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU AUSTRALIA

DZIKO la East Timor n’laling’ono ndipo lili cha kum’mawa kwa chilumba cha Timor. Mawu a Chimaleyi akuti “Timor” ndi a Chipwitikizi akuti Leste amatanthauza “kum’mawa.” Nthawi zambiri anthu olankhula Chingelezi, dzikoli amalitcha kuti East Timor, kutanthauza kuti kum’mawa kwa Timor. Dzinali n’loyenera chifukwa chilumbachi chili kum’mawa kwenikweni kwa zilumba za ku Indonesia.

Dzikoli n’lalikulu pafupifupi makilomita 14,800, kutanthauza kuti n’lalikulu mofanana ndi theka la mzinda wa Maputo, ku Mozambique. Ngakhale kuti n’laling’ono, dzikoli lili ndi zachilengedwe zopezeka ku Asia ndi ku Australia komwe. Muli nkhalango zambiri zowirira za mitengo yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe komanso muli mitengo yopinimbira ya bulugamu ndi udzu wambiri. M’nkhalangozi mulinso nyama zomwe zimapezeka ku Australia ndi ku Asia. Mwachitsanzo, kumeneku kumapezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewa ndi mbalame komanso ng’ona za ku Australia ndi ku Asia. Nanga bwanji za anthu a ku East Timor? Kodi mungakonde kuwadziwa?

Nthawi ya Atsamunda

N’kutheka kuti apwitikizi ndiwo anayamba kufika ku East Timor cha m’ma 1514. Panthawiyo m’mapiri munali nkhalango zazikulu zamitengo inayake yamtengo wapatali. Mitengo imeneyi inkayenda malonda kwambiri moti apwitikizi anayambitsa msika kumeneku. Akatolika nawonso anachita chidwi ndi derali ndipo anaganiza zotumiza amishonale awo kuti akatembenuze anthu. Motero pazifukwa ziwirizi apwitikizi anayambitsa ulamuliro wachitsamunda pachilumbachi m’chaka cha 1556.

Ngakhale kuti zinali choncho atsamundawa sankaliwerengera kwenikweni dzikoli. Adatchi atalanda dera la kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi mu 1656, apwitikizi anathawira cha kum’mawa kwake. Atalamulira kwa zaka zoposa 400, apwitikizi anasiyiratu kulamulira derali m’chaka cha 1975.

M’chaka chomwecho kunabuka nkhondo yapachiweniweni. M’zaka 24 zotsatira anthu pafupifupi 200,000 a ku East Timor anaphedwa pankhondoyi, kutanthauza kuti pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa atatu aliwonse anaphedwa. Kunabukanso ziwawa zankhaninkhani m’dzikoli m’chaka cha 1999, moti zinthu zambiri m’dzikomo zinawonongedwa. Chinamtindi cha anthu chinathawira ku mapiri. Kenako bungwe la United Nations linalowererapo ndi kukhazikitsa bata m’dzikoli.

Kuchokera panthawiyi, anthu a ku East Timor akhala akuyesetsa kuti abwerere mwakale. Mu May 2002, dziko la East Timor linaima palokha ndipo linayamba kutchedwa kuti Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

Nkhumano ya Zikhalidwe Zosiyanasiyana

M’dziko la East Timor muli zikhalidwe ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana chifukwa choti kwa zaka zambirimbiri m’dzikoli mwakhala mukuchitika zamalonda. Chinachititsanso zimenezi ndicho anthu ochokera ku Asia ndi ku Australia komanso ulamuliro wa atsamunda. Ngakhale kuti mpaka pano Chipwitikizi ndicho chinenero chimene amagwiritsa ntchito pankhani zamalonda ndi zaboma, anthu ambiri m’dzikoli amalankhula Chitetamu. Chinenerochi chili ndi mawu ambiri a Chipwitikizi. Palinso zinenero pafupifupi 22 zomwe zimalankhulidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu a m’dzikoli.

Mafumu adakali amphamvu kwambiri m’madera a kumidzi. Iwo amayendetsa miyambo ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndiponso amagawa malo, koma nyakwawa ndizo zimayang’anira ntchito zachitukuko.

Kupembedza kwawo n’kophatikiza zipembedzo  za makolo awo ndi Chikatolika. Kulambira makolo, ufiti, ndiponso kukhulupirira mizimu kumakhudza zochita zawo zonse za pamoyo wawo. Kawirikawiri anthu amene amapitapita ku tchalitchi amapitanso kwa sing’anga, kuti akawombeze, kukapeza mankhwala, kapena kukadziteteza ku mizimu yoipa.

Anthu Okonda Kuphunzira Zinthu ndi Kuchereza Alendo

Mwachibadwa chawo, anthu a ku East Timor ndi ansangala, okonda kuphunzira zinthu, ndiponso odziwa kuchereza alendo. Pulezidenti wa dzikoli, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão anati: “Ndife anthu okonda kuphunzira zinthu, kulankhula, ndiponso kucheza. Timacheza ngakhale ndi anthu oti sitikuwadziwa.”

Anthuwa akaitana alendo kunyumba kwawo, alendowo amadyera limodzi ndi bambo wabanjalo. Mkazi ndi ana ake amangokonza chakudyacho koma amadya pambuyo pake. Poyamba kudya, anthuwa amaona kuti ndi ulemu kuti mlendo azitenga kaye chakudya chochepa. Akamaliza, palibe vuto kuitanitsa china. Ndipo mlendoyo akatero, amene anaphika chakudyacho amasangalala.

Zakudya zambiri za ku East Timor zimakhala mpunga, chimanga, kapena chinangwa ndipo amadyera masamba. Chakudya china chimene anthu ambiri a ku East Timor amakonda chimatchedwa saboko ndipo amachiphika poikamo nsomba, msuzi wochokera ku zipatso za mtengo winawake, komanso zokometsera zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zonsezi amazikulunga m’masamba a mitengo inayake ya kanjedza. M’dzikoli, nyama ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Phokoso la Ana

M’dziko la East Timor muli ana ambiri. Pafupifupi theka la anthu onse kumeneku ndi ana, ndipo mabanja ambiri ali ndi ana 10 kapena 12 pakhomo pawo.

Ana akamapita ku sukulu, nthawi zambiri amayenda atagwirana manja. Anyamata amagwirana okhaokha, atsikananso okhaokha. Njira yonseyo amakhala akuseka ndi kuimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Kusukuluko amawaphunzitsanso makhalidwe abwino.

Ku East Timor mwana sasewera yekhayekha. Ana onse a pamudzi amasewerera pamodzi. Masewera otchuka kwambiri kumeneku ndi oyendetsa zingerengere. Masewerawa amawatcha dudu karreta. Akamayendetsa zingerengerezo mumsewu, anawa amathamanga n’kumaseka ndipo amaziwongolera ndi mtengo.

Komabe ana a ku East Timor samangokhalira kusewera ayi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina amawapatsa ntchito yokonola chimanga ndi munsi wachitsulo. Komabe anawa amagwira ntchitoyi akumwetulira, osadziwika n’komwe kuti anabadwira m’dziko lomwe lili m’gulu la mayiko teni osaukitsitsa padziko lonse.

Mavuto a M’dzikoli

Anthu a ku East Timor amakhala movutika kwambiri chifukwa cha umphawi. Anthu ambiri amapeza ndalama zongokwanira kugula chakudya cha  tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zochepa chabe zofunika pakhomo basi. Zinthu zothandiza pachitukuko n’zosowa m’dzikoli. Lipoti lina laboma linati: “M’dziko lonseli, anthu atatu pa anthu anayi aliwonse amakhala m’nyumba zopanda magetsi, atatu pa asanu aliwonse amakhala mwauve ndipo theka la anthu onse alibe madzi abwino.”

Zimenezi zimachititsa matenda ambiri m’dzikoli. Anthu ambiri m’dzikoli amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 50 zokha basi chifukwa cha matenda monga kusowa chakudya m’thupi, malungo, ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Pafupifupi mwana mmodzi pa ana 10 aliwonse amafa asanakwanitse zaka zisanu. M’chaka cha 2004 m’dziko la anthu 800,000 limeneli, munali madokotala osakwana n’komwe 50.

Mayiko ambiri akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi bungwe la United Nations pothandiza anthu a ku East Timor kutukulanso dziko lawo, lomwe linawonongedwa pa nkhondo. Chimene chingathandizenso dzikoli kutukuka ndicho mafuta komanso gasi wambiri amene ali m’nyanja ya Timor. Komano chuma chachikulu kwambiri cha dzikoli ndi anthu ake akhama, omwenso n’ngodzichepetsa. Mayi wina wa m’dzikoli anauza mtolankhani wa Galamukani! kuti: “Ndife osauka koma sitidandaula.”

“Uthenga Wabwino wa Zinthu Zabwino”

M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, Mboni za Yehova zakhala zikuuza anthu a ku East Timor “uthenga wabwino wa zinthu zabwino.” (Yesaya 52:7; Aroma 10:14, 15) M’chaka cha 2005 mpingo  wina wa Mboni m’dzikoli unalalikira maola 30,000, kuuza anthu za lonjezo losangalatsa la m’Baibulo lonena za dziko la paradaiso limene likubwera m’tsogolo.—Salmo 37:10, 11; 2 Petulo 3:13.

Kuphunzira choonadi cha m’Baibulo kwathandiza kuti anthu ena m’dzikoli amasuke posiya kukhulupirira mizimu. Mwachitsanzo, Jacob, yemwe ali ndi mkazi ndiponso ana asanu, ankakonda kwambiri kuchita miyambo ya makolo yokhudza kukhulupirira mizimu. Nthawi zambiri ankapereka nsembe za ziweto kwa mizimu ya akufa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti banja lake lisauke kwambiri. Nsembe ya nkhuku inkawonongetsa pafupifupi ndalama zonse zimene ankapeza patsiku, pamene nsembe ya nkhumba kapena mbuzi (yomwe inali nsembe yapadera) inkawonongetsa ndalama zimene ankapeza pa milungu yambiri.

M’kupita kwa nthawi, mkazi wa Jacob, dzina lake Fransiska, anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova. Kenaka iye anam’sonyeza mwamuna wakeyo malemba osonyeza kuti anthu akufa sadziwa chilichonse ndipo sangavulaze anthu amoyo. (Mlaliki 9:5, 10; Ezekieli 18:4) Pomvera zimene Baibulo limanena, onse anaganiza zosiya kupereka nsembe kwa mizimu. Zimenezi zinapsetsa mtima achibale awo motero anawadulira phazi n’kuwauza kuti aputa dala mizimu ndipo iwapha. Koma Jacob ndi Fransiska analimbabe mtima n’kuwayankha kuti “Yehova atiteteza.”

Panthawiyi n’kuti Jacob atayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndi kupita ku misonkhano ya Mboni za Yehova pamodzi ndi banja lake. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti asinthe pa zinthu zinanso m’moyo wake. Mwachitsanzo, iye anasiya kusuta ngakhale kuti poyamba ankamaliza paketi imodzi ya fodya tsiku lililonse. Iye anaphunziranso kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Panthawiyi Fransiska anasiya kutafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pofika mu 2005, Jacob ndi Fransiska anabatizidwa n’kukhala Mboni za Yehova. Ndipo masiku ano, ndalama zawo zimangothera polipira kuchipatala ndi kusukulu kwa ana awo basi.

N’zoonadi, monga Yesu ananeneratu, uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu wa Mulungu ukulalikidwa “padziko lonse lapansi kumene kuli anthu,” ngakhale ku East Timor, dziko la anthu okonda kuphunzira zinthu, odziwa kuchereza alendo, ndiponso achifundo.—Machitidwe 1:8; Mateyo 24:14.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 17]

“Kubweretsa Wothandiza Kudyetsa Banja”

Mawu akuti “kubweretsa wothandiza kudyetsa banja” ankanenedwa ndi anthu a ku East Timor polengeza za kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi. Mawuwa amanena za ntchito ya akazi a ku East Timor yoluka nsalu zokongoletsera zinthu. Nsaluzi amazigwiritsa ntchito pokongoletsa nsalu zovala pa miyambo yosiyanasiyana, mabulangete, ndi zinthu zimene mabanja amaziona kuti n’zofunika kwambiri. Azimayi achikulire amaphunzitsa atsikana kulima thonje, kukolola, kupota, kupaka utoto, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito thonjelo poluka zinthu zokongola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zolukazo zimatha kutenga chaka chathunthu, malingana ndi kuvuta kwa njira yozilukira. Popeza kuti chigawo chilichonse cha m’dzikoli chili ndi kalukidwe kakekake, munthu wodziwa bwino zimenezi amatha kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti choluka ichi chinapangidwa m’chigawo chakutichakuti.

[Mapu patsamba 14]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

INDONESIA

EAST TIMOR

AUSTRALIA

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Nyumba ya kumudzi ya ku East Timor

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Masewera oyendetsa zingerengere otchedwa “dudu karreta”

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Jacob ndi banja lake