Kodi N’chiyani Chikuchitika M’matchalitchi?

ANTHU a ku Latin America, kungochokera kumpoto ku Mexico, mpaka kukafika kum’mwera ku Chile amafanana chikhalidwe m’njira zambiri. Kumeneku, anthu achikulire amakumbukira nthawi inayake kale, pamene kunali chipembedzo chimodzi chokha chodziwika, cha Roma Katolika. M’zaka za m’ma 1500, anthu a kumeneku anatembenukira ku Chikatolika mokakamizidwa ndi atsamunda ochokera ku Spain. Atsamunda amene anali ku Brazil analinso a Roma Katolika, koma ochokera ku Portugal. Kwa zaka 400 tchalitchi cha Katolika chinkachirikiza maboma olamulira pofuna thandizo pa zachuma ndiponso pofuna udindo wokhala chipembedzo chokhacho choikidwa ndi boma.

Komano m’ma 1960, ansembe ena a Chikatolika anaona kuti anthu ambiri ayamba kusiya kukonda tchalitchicho chifukwa choti chinkachirikiza anthu apamwamba amene ankalamulira. Motero ansembewo anayamba kulimbikitsa mfundo zokomera anthu osauka, makamaka popititsa patsogolo mfundo zothandiza kutukula anthu osauka ndi kulimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu onse. Ansembe a ku Latin America ndiwo anayamba kuchita zimenezi posonyeza kuti anali okhumudwa kuona Akatolika ambiri ali pa umphawi.

Ngakhale kuti atsogoleri achipembedzochi akhala akulowerera m’zochitika zandale zokopa anthu ambiri, anthu ochuluka zedi asiya Chikatolika n’kulowa matchalitchi ena. Masiku ano zipembedzo zimene pamisonkhano yawo pamakhala kuwomba m’manja, kuimba nyimbo kwadzaoneni, kapena madansi, zakula ndi kuchuluka kwambiri. M’buku lake lakuti Faces of Latin America, Duncan Green anati: “Ku Latin America, matchalitchi a Evangelical alipo magulu ambiri osiyanasiyana omwenso ndi matchalitchi pawokha. Nthawi zambiri magulu amenewa amatsatira zonena za m’busa winawake. Ndipo, mpingo umodzi ukakula, nthawi zambiri umagawanika.”

Anthu Ambiri ku Ulaya Asiya Kupita ku Tchalitchi

Kwa zaka zoposa 1,600, maboma ambiri amene ankalamulira mayiko a ku Ulaya ankati ndi maboma achikhristu. Kodi ku Ulaya zipembedzo zayamba kuyenda bwino m’zaka za m’ma 2000 zimene tinayambazi? M’chaka cha 2002, katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, Steve Bruce, anafotokoza motere zimene zikuchitika ku Britain m’buku lake lakuti God is Dead—Secularization in the West: “M’ma 1800, pafupifupi maukwati onse ankakhala odalitsidwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo.” Koma pofika chaka cha 1971, maukwati 60 okha pa maukwati 100 a  Angelezi ndi omwe ankakhala odalitsidwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. M’chaka cha 2000 anali maukwati 31 okha pa maukwati 100 aliwonse.

Ponenapo za zimene zikuchikazi, mtolankhani wa zachipembedzo wa nyuzipepala ya ku London ya Daily Telegraph analemba kuti: “Kwa nthawi yaitali, mipingo yonse ikuluikulu, yakhala ikucheperachepera, kungoyambira mpingo wa Angilikani, wa Roma Katolika, mpaka wa Methodist ndi wa United Reformed Churches. Potchula zimene lipoti lina linanena, iye anati: “Pomafika chaka cha 2040 matchalitchi a ku Britain adzakhala atatsala pang’ono kutheratu chifukwa anthu awiri okha pa anthu 100 aliwonse ndiwo azidzapitabe ku tchalitchi Lamlungu.” Ena anenapo zangati zimenezi pankhani ya kupembedza ku Netherlands.

Lipoti lina la bungwe la ku Netherlands lotchedwa Dutch Social and Cultural Planning Office, linati: “M’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri m’dziko lathu asiyiratu kupembedza. Zikuoneka kuti pofika chaka cha 2020, anthu 72 pa anthu 100 aliwonse kuno sadzakhala ndi chipembedzo chilichonse.” Bungwe lina lofalitsa nkhani ku Germany linati: “Anthu ambiri ku Germany ayamba kuchita zaufiti ndiponso zinthu zina zokhulupirira mizimu pofuna kupeza chitsitsimutso chimene ankachipeza m’matchalitchi ndiponso mtendere umene ankaupeza ku ntchito ndi m’banja mwawo. . . . Matchalitchi m’dziko lonselo akufika potsekedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mipingo.”

Ku Ulaya, anthu amene amapitabe kutchalitchi, kawirikawiri sapita n’cholinga choti akamve zimene Mulungu amafuna kuti iwo azichita. Lipoti lina lochokera ku Italy linati: “Anthu a ku Italy amapembedza m’njira yoti izigwirizana ndi zochita zawo.” Katswiri wina wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu wa kumeneko anati: “Pa zimene Papa amanena, timangotolapo zimene ifeyo tikugwirizana nazozo basi.” N’chimodzimodzinso ndi Akatolika a ku Spain, kumene anthu ambiri asiya moyo wokonda kupembedza n’kuyamba moyo wokonda chuma, ndiponso wofuna kupeza mwamsangamsanga zinthu zonse zimene amazisirira pa moyo wawo.

Zikuchitikazi n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi Chikhristu cha  Khristu ndi otsatira ake. Yesu sanapatse anthu chipembedzo cha “sankhawekha,” chomwe mumatha kusankha zokukomerani n’kusiya zokuipirani. Iye anati: “Ngati munthu akufuna kunditsatira, adzikane yekha ndi kunyamula mtengo wake wozunzikirapo tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kunditsatira mosalekeza.” Yesu anaphunzitsa anthu kuti njira ya Chikhristu ndi njira yololera kuvutika ndi kudzipereka mwakhama.—Luka 9:23.

Zipembedzo za ku North America Zikuchita Kudzitsatsa

Ku Canada, ofufuza ena amati kumeneko anthu alibe chikhulupiriro kwenikweni pa zachipembedzo, koma ku United States anthu amaona kuti kupembedza n’kofunika kwambiri. Mabungwe ena aakulu ofufuza nkhani anapeza kuti anthu 40 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene anawafunsa ananena kuti amapita ku tchalitchi mlungu uliwonse, koma akawerengera anthu opezekadi kutchalitchiko amapeza kuti kwenikweni ndi anthu pafupifupi 20 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene amapitakodi. Anthu opitirira 60 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amanena kuti amakhupirira kuti Baibulo ndi Mawu a Mulungu. Komano chikondi chawo pa tchalitchi chinachake chimene alowa sichichedwa kuzirala. Anthu ambiri opita ku tchalitchi ku United States sachedwa kusiya chipembedzo china n’kuyambanso china. M’busa wolalikira m’tchalitchiyo akangosiya kutchuka kapena akangofwifwa, sipatenga nthawi kuti anthu onse mumpingo wake amuthawe, ndipo nthawi zambiri zikatere, ndalama nazo zimamuthawa!

Atsogoleri ena a matchalitchi amaphunzira kayendetsedwe ka zachuma kuti adziwe zimene angachite kuti “atsatse” bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika ku tchalitchi kwawoko. Mipingo imalipira ndalama zambiri kuti ipeze thandizo ku makampani othandiza matchalitchi. Lipoti lina lokhudza makampani otere linati m’busa wina anayamikira kuti: “Tapindula kwambiri ndi ndalama zimene tinalipira.” Matchalitchi okhala ndi mipingo ikuluikulu ya anthu masauzande angapo, amachita bwino kwambiri pa nkhani ya zachuma moti mpaka amalembedwa m’magazini a zachuma monga magazini ya The Wall Street Journal ndi ya The Economist. Magaziniwa ananena kuti matchalitchi amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati msika wopezako zofuna zonse zamunthu, zauzimu ndi zakuthupi zomwe. Pamatchalitchipo pangakhale malesitilanti, malo okonzera tsitsi ndi kudzikongoletsera, malo osambirako amtengo wapatali, ndiponso malo a zamasewera. Amakhalanso ndi zinthu zokopa anthu monga akanema, ndipo kumabwera anthu otchuka komanso amaika nyimbo zamakono zomvetsera, zomwe si za mawu a Mulungu. Koma kodi olalikira amaphunzitsa anthu chiyani?

N’zosadabwitsa kuti ‘kulalikira za kupeza chuma’ kwafala kwambiri. Anthu obwera kutchalitchi amauzidwa kuti adzakhala olemera ndiponso athanzi akamapereka ndalama zambiri kutchalitchiko. Koma pankhani ya makhalidwe abwino, nthawi zambiri amati Mulungu amalola makhalidwe aliwonsewo. Katswiri wina wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu anati: “Matchalitchi a ku America amalimbikitsa kwambiri zotsitsimula anthu osati zowaloza chala ayi.” Zipembedzo zotchuka nthawi zambiri zimalimbikira kwambiri kupereka malangizo a zimene mungachite panokha kuti mutukule moyo wanu. Anthu ambiri ayamba kukonda matchalitchi oima pawokha, amene sali mbali ya tchalitchi chinachake chachikulu, chifukwa kawirikawiri ku matchalitchi amenewa satchulako ziphunzitso, zomwe ena amaona kuti n’zogawanitsa anthu. Komabe, kumatchalitchiwa amatchulako zandale, ndipo nthawi zambiri amazitchula mosauma pakamwa komanso mwatchutchutchu. Zitsanzo za zimenezi  zomwe zachitika posachedwapa zachititsa manyazi abusa ena.

Kodi tingati ku North America anthu akuyambanso kukonda zachipembedzo? M’chaka cha 2005, magazini ya Newsweek inapereka lipoti lakuti matchalitchi atchuka ndi zinthu monga “kukuwa, kugwidwa mizimu, kuvina koponda pansi mwamphamvu,” ndi miyambo ina yachipembedzo. Magaziniyi inanenanso kuti: “Zonsezi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri ayamba kupita kutchalitchi.” Danga limene limadzadza mwamsanga pa fomu yofunsa anthu za chipembedzo chawo ndilo danga limene pali mawu akuti “Ndilibe Chipembezo.” Mipingo ina ikukula chifukwa choti ina ikuchepa. Akuti “chikhamu” cha anthu chayamba kusiya zipembedzo zikuluzikulu, ndi miyambo yake, nyimbo zake zakalekale, ndiponso abusa ake ovala mikanjo.

Pazinthu zochepa zimene takambiranazi, taona kuti ku Latin America matchalitchi akugawanika, ku Ulaya anthu opita kutchalitchi akucheperachepera, ndipo ku United States afika pomachita zosangalatsa anthu pofuna kuti apitirize kubwera kutchalitchi. N’zoona kuti pali matchalitchi ena ambiri amene sachita zimene zafalazi, koma mfundo yaikulu imene ikuonekera pa zonsezi n’njakuti matchalitchi akulephera kukopa anthu kuti azibwerabe kutchalitchi. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti Chikhristu chayamba kutha?

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 6]

“KUPEMBEDZA KWA SANKHAWEKHA”

Akuti mkulu wa bungwe la National Vocation Service la tchalitchi cha Katolika ku France, anati: “Masiku ano kupembedza n’kwasankhawekha. Anthu amapita kutchalitchi kuti akapeze zimene akufuna, ndiye akapanda kuzipeza kumeneko amapita kwina.” Ponena za zipembedzo ku Ulaya, pulofesa wina dzina lake Grace Davie wa ku yunivesite ya Exeter ku Britain anati: “Anthu amangotolapo zimene akonda m’zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Monga zinthu zina zambiri, kupembedza nako kwafika pokhala ndi zinthu zoti munthu azisankha yekha, zinthu zogwirizana ndi moyo wa munthuyo, ndiponso zoyendera makonda ake.”

[Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

Zolemba zongoipitsa khoma, pamalo olowera m’tchalitchi mumzinda wa Naples, ku Italy

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

©Doug Scott/age fotostock

[Chithunzi patsamba 4, 5]

Ku Mexico anthu ambiri anasiya Chikatolika