1-3. Kodi panachitika zotani pamene Yesu ankatsanzikana ndi atumwi ake, nanga kuchoka kwake kunabweretsa mafunso ati?

 KWA milungu ingapo, atumwi anali osangalala kwambiri kukhalanso ndi Yesu moti sanafune kuti asiyane naye. Chisoni chimene anali nacho chinali chitatha chifukwa Yesu anali ataukitsidwa. Kwa masiku 40, iye anaonekera kwa otsatira akewo mobwerezabwereza ndipo ankawaphunzitsa ndi kuwalimbikitsa. Tsopano nthawi yoti atsanzikane nawo inafika.

² Yesu ndi atumwi ake anaima paphiri la Maolivi ndipo atumwiwo ankamvetsera mwatcheru zonse zimene iye ankanena. Kenako Yesu anamaliza kulankhula nawo ngakhale kuti atumwiwo ankafuna kuti iye azingolankhulabe ndipo anawadalitsa. Kenako iye anayamba kukwera kumwamba koma otsatira akewo ankangomuyang’anitsitsa. Pamapeto pake, anabisika ndi mitambo ndipo iwo sanamuonenso. Komabe otsatira akewo anangoima n’kumayang’ana kumwamba.​—Luka 24:50; Mac. 1:9, 10.

³ Zimene zinachitika pa tsiku limeneli zinasintha kwambiri moyo wa atumwi a Yesu. Kodi iwo akanachita chiyani tsopano popeza Mbuye wawo, Yesu Khristu, anali  atapita kumwamba? Tikukhulupirira kuti Mbuye wawo anali atawathandiza mokwanira kuti apitirize ntchito imene iye anayambitsa. Kodi anawathandiza bwanji kuti agwire ntchito yofunika kwambiriyi, nanga iwo anachita chiyani? Kodi zimenezi zimakhudza bwanji Akhristu masiku ano? Chaputala choyamba cha buku la Machitidwe chili ndi mayankho olimbikitsa kwambiri.

4. Kodi Luka anayamba bwanji kufotokoza nkhani imene ili m’buku la Machitidwe?

⁴ Luka anayamba kulemba buku la Machitidwe ndi mawu opita kwa Teofilo, munthu amene poyamba anamulembera buku la Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka. a Luka anayamba ndi kufotokoza mwachidule nkhani imene ili kumapeto kwa buku lake la Uthenga Wabwino pofuna kusonyeza kuti uthenga umene uli m’buku la Machitidwe ukupitiriza pamene uthenga umene uli m’buku la Luka unalekezera. Polemba zimenezi, iye anagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanako komanso anatchula mfundo zina zatsopano.

5, 6. (a) N’chiyani chikanathandiza otsatira a Yesu kuti akhale ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba? (b) Kodi pali “maumboni ambiri otsimikizirika” ati amene amathandiza Akhristu kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro masiku ano?

⁵ N’chiyani chikanathandiza otsatira a Yesu kuti akhale ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba? Pa Machitidwe 1:3, timawerenga za Yesu kuti: “Anaonekera wamoyo kwa atumwiwo pogwiritsa ntchito maumboni ambiri otsimikizirika.” M’Baibulo lonse, ndi Luka yekha, “dokotala wokondedwa,” amene anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ‘maumboni otsimikizirika.’ (Akol. 4:14) Mawu amenewa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mabuku azachipatala ndipo ankatanthauza umboni woonekeratu, wosatsutsika komanso wodalirika. Yesu anaperekadi umboni woterowo. Iye nthawi zambiri anaonekera kwa otsatira ake, pena kwa munthu mmodzi kapena awiri, nthawi zina kwa atumwi onse ndipo nthawi inayake kwa anthu okhulupirira oposa 500. (1 Akor. 15:3-6) Amenewa analidi maumboni otsimikizirika kwambiri.

⁶ Masiku anonso, “maumboni ambiri otsimikizirika” amathandiza Akhristu oona kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro. Kodi palidi umboni wosonyeza kuti Yesu anakhalapo padziko lapansi, anatifera chifukwa cha machimo athu ndiponso anaukitsidwa? Inde, maumboni alipo ambirimbiri. Zinthu zambiri zimene anthu anachita kuona okha n’kuzilemba m’Mawu ouziridwa a Mulungu, zimatipatsa umboni wosatsutsika. Tikamapemphera kwa Yehova kuti atithandize kumvetsa pamene tikuphunzira nkhanizi, tikhoza kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti munthu amene ali ndi umboni wotsimikizika amakhala ndi chikhulupiriro chenicheni mosiyana ndi munthu amene amangokhulupirira zilizonse popanda umboni. Chikhulupiriro cholimba n’chofunika kwambiri kuti munthu adzapeze moyo wosatha.​—Yoh. 3:16.

7. Kodi Yesu anapereka chitsanzo chotani kwa otsatira ake pa nkhani yolalikira ndi kuphunzitsa?

⁷ Yesu ‘ankawauzanso za Ufumu wa Mulungu.’ Mwachitsanzo, iye anafotokoza  maulosi osonyeza kuti Mesiya adzazunzidwa ndiponso kuphedwa. (Luka 24:13-32, 46, 47) Pamene Yesu anafotokoza momveka bwino za udindo wake monga Mesiya, anatsindika mfundo yaikulu yokhudza Ufumu wa Mulungu chifukwa iye anali atasankhidwa kale kuti adzakhale Mfumu ya Ufumu umenewo. Ndipotu mfundo yaikulu ya ulaliki wa Yesu inali yokhudza Ufumu. Choncho, otsatira akenso masiku ano amalalikira za Ufumu umenewo.​—Mat. 24:14; Luka 4:43.

8, 9. (a) Kodi atumwi a Yesu ankaganizira mfundo ziwiri ziti zolakwika? (b) Kodi Yesu anawathandiza bwanji kusintha maganizo awo olakwikawo, nanga Akhristu masiku ano akuphunzirapo chiyani?

⁸ Atumwi atasonkhana paphiri la Maolivi, anakumana komaliza ndi Yesu padziko lapansi. Iwo ankafunitsitsa kudziwa ndipo anam’funsa Yesu kuti: “Ambuye, kodi mubwezeretsa ufumu kwa Aisiraeli panopa?” (Mac. 1:6) Funso limeneli linasonyeza kuti atumwiwo anali ndi mfundo ziwiri zolakwika m’maganizo mwawo. Choyamba, iwo ankaganiza kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu ubwezeretsedwa ku mtundu weniweni wa Isiraeli. Chachiwiri, iwo ankayembekezera kuti Ufumu wolonjezedwawo uyamba kulamulira pa nthawi yomweyo. Kodi Yesu anawathandiza bwanji kuti asinthe maganizo olakwikawo?

⁹ Zikuoneka kuti Yesu ankadziwa kuti pakangopita masiku ochepa, atumwiwo adzadziwa zoona zake zokhudza mfundo yoyamba yolakwikayo. Ndipo patangopita masiku 10 okha, otsatira akewo anaona kubadwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa Isiraeli wauzimu. Pamenepa, ubwenzi wapadera umene Mulungu anali nawo ndi mtundu wa Isiraeli wakuthupi unali utatsala pang’ono kutha. Koma ponena za mfundo yachiwiri yolakwikayo, Yesu anawakumbutsa mokoma mtima kuti: “Simukufunika kudziwa nthawi kapena nyengo imene Atate wasankha mu ulamuliro wake.” (Mac. 1:7) Nthawi zonse Yehova amachita zinthu pa nthawi yake. Yesu asanaphedwe, ananena yekha kuti pa nthawiyo, ngakhale Mwana sankadziwa ‘tsiku ndi ola’ limene mapeto adzafike koma “Atate wokha” ndi amene ankadziwa. (Mat. 24:36) Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano, ngati Akhristu amadera nkhawa kwambiri za nthawi imene mapeto adzikoli adzafike, ndiye kuti akudera nkhawa zinthu zimene sizikuwakhudza.

10. Kodi atumwi anali ndi maganizo abwino ati amene ifenso tiyenera kukhala nawo nanga n’chifukwa chiyani?

¹⁰ Komabe, tiyenera kusamala kuti tisamanyoze atumwi a Yesu amene anali amuna a chikhulupiriro cholimba. Yesu atawathandiza, iwo anavomereza modzichepetsa n’kusintha maganizo awo olakwika. Komanso, ngakhale kuti funso lawo linaonetsa kuti anali ndi maganizo olakwika, linasonyezanso kuti anali ndi mtima wabwino. Yesu ankalimbikitsa atumwi akewo mobwerezabwereza kuti ‘apitirize kukhala maso.’ (Mat. 24:42; 25:13; 26:41) Iwo anali maso mwauzimu ndipo ankadikirira mwachidwi chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti Yehova watsala pang’ono kubweretsa Ufumu wake. Ifenso masiku ano tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tikhale ndi mtima ngati umenewu. Ndipotu “masiku otsiriza” ano akutipangitsa kuti tikhale maso kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.​—2 Tim. 3:1-5.

11, 12. (a) Kodi Yesu anapereka ntchito yotani kwa otsatira ake? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani zinali zoyenera kuti Yesu atchule mzimu woyera ponena za ntchito yolalikira?

¹¹ Yesu anakumbutsa atumwi ake zimene zinali zofunika kwambiri. Iye anawauza kuti: “Mukadzalandira mzimu woyera, mudzakhala ndi mphamvu. Ndipo mudzakhala  mboni zanga mu Yerusalemu, ku Yudeya konse ndi ku Samariya, mpaka kumalekezero a dziko lapansi.” (Mac. 1:8) Uthenga wakuti Yesu waukitsidwa unayenera kuyamba kulalikidwa ku Yerusalemu, kumene anamuphera. Kenako, uthengawo unayenera kufalikira ku Yudeya konse, ku Samariya mpaka kumadera ena akutali.

¹² Asanauze ophunzira ake za ntchito yolalikira, Yesu anawakumbutsa kuti adzawatumizira mzimu woyera kuti uwathandize. Awa ndi malo amodzi mwa malo oposa 40 amene mawu akuti “mzimu woyera” akupezeka m’buku la Machitidwe. Nkhani zochititsa chidwi za m’buku la Machitidwe zimasonyeza mobwerezabwereza kuti sitingakwanitse kuchita zimene Yehova amafuna popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera. Choncho, n’zofunika kuti nthawi zonse tizipempha Mulungu kuti atipatse mzimu woyera. (Luka 11:13) Chifukwa panopa tikufunikira kwambiri mzimu woyerawu kuposa kale lonse.

13. Kodi ntchito yolalikira imene anthu a Mulungu anapatsidwa ndi yaikulu bwanji masiku ano, nanga n’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuigwira mwakhama?

¹³ Kwa atumwi, mawu akuti “kumalekezero a dziko lapansi” ankatanthauza malo ochepa chabe omwe ankakwanitsa kufika. Koma masiku ano, mawuwa akukwaniritsidwa kwambiri chifukwa Akhristufe tikulalikira padziko lonse. Monga mmene taonera m’mutu wapitawu, a Mboni za Yehova akugwira ndi mtima wonse ntchito yolalikira imene Yesu anawapatsa. Iwo akuchita zimenezi chifukwa akudziwa kuti Mulungu akufuna kuti anthu amitundu yonse amve uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu wake. (1 Tim. 2:3, 4) Kodi mukugwira nawo mwakhama ntchito yopulumutsa moyo imeneyi? Palibenso ntchito ina yosangalatsa imene mungagwire kuposa imeneyi. Yehova adzakupatsani mphamvu zimene mungafunikire kuti mugwire ntchitoyi. Buku la Machitidwe likuthandizani kudziwa njira zabwino zimene mungatsatire pogwira ntchitoyi komanso mmene muyenera kumaionera kuti muziigwira bwino.

14, 15. (a) Kodi angelo ananena chiyani pa nkhani ya kubweranso kwa Khristu, nanga ankatanthauza chiyani? (Onaninso mawu a m’munsi.) (b) Kodi Yesu anabwera bwanji “m’njira yofanana” ndi mmene anapitira kumwamba?

¹⁴ Monga mmene taonera kumayambiriro kwa mutu uno, Yesu ataukitsidwa anakwera kumwamba ndipo kenako sanaonekenso. Koma atumwi 11 aja anangoima n’kumayang’ana kumwamba. Kenako panaoneka angelo awiri ndipo anadzudzula atumwiwo mwachikondi kuti: “Amuna inu a ku Galileya, n’chifukwa chiyani mwangoima n’kumayang’ana kumwamba? Yesu, amene watengedwa pakati panu kupita kumwambayu, adzabwera m’njira yofanana ndi mmene mwamuonera akupita kumwamba.” (Mac. 1:11) Kodi angelowo ankatanthauza kuti Yesu adzabwera ndi thupi lofanana ndi lomwe anali nalo pamene ankapita kumwamba, mogwirizana ndi zimene anthu ena azipembedzo amaphunzitsa? Ayi, si zimene angelowo ankatanthauza. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji zimenezi?

¹⁵ Angelowo sananene kuti Yesu adzabweranso mooneka, koma anati adzabwera “m’njira yofanana” ndi mmene anapitira kumwamba. b Kodi iye anapita m’njira yotani? Yesu anali asakuoneka pamene angelowo ankanena zimenezi. Atumwi okhawo, amene anali anthu ochepa, ndi amene anadziwa kuti Yesu wachoka padziko lapansi kupita kumwamba kwa Atate wake. Choncho, angelowo ankatanthauza kuti zidzakhalanso chimodzimodzi Khristu akamadzabwera. Ndipo ndi mmenedi zinachitikira. Masiku ano, anthu okhawo amene amamvetsa Malemba ndi amene amazindikira kuti Yesu anayamba kulamulira monga Mfumu. (Luka 17:20) M’pofunika  kuti tizidziwa maumboni osonyeza kuti Yesu anayamba kulamulira monga Mfumu n’cholinga choti tithandize anthu ena kuti adziwe zoti tikukhala m’nthawi ya mapeto.

16-18. (a) Kodi pa Machitidwe 1:13, 14, tikuphunzirapo chiyani ponena za misonkhano imene Akhristu ankakhala nayo kuti alambire Mulungu? (b) Kodi tikuphunzira chiyani pa chitsanzo chimene Mariya, amayi ake a Yesu, anasonyeza? (c) N’chifukwa chiyani misonkhano ya Chikhristu ndi yofunika kwambiri masiku ano?

¹⁶ N’zomveka kuti atumwiwo anabwerera ku “Yerusalemu akusangalala kwambiri.” (Luka 24:52) Koma kodi iwo anatani atamva malangizo amene Khristu anawauza? Pa Machitidwe 1:13, 14, timawerenga kuti atumwiwo anasonkhana “m’chipinda cham’mwamba,” ndipo timamva zinthu zina zosangalatsa zimene zinkachitika m’misonkhano ngati imeneyi. Nyumba zambiri m’nthawi imeneyo ku Palesitina zinkakhala ndi chipinda cham’mwamba ndipo zinkakhalanso ndi masitepe apanja olowera m’chipinda chimenechi. N’kutheka kuti “chipinda cham’mwamba” chimenechi chinali pamwamba pa nyumba ya amayi ake a Maliko, imene yatchulidwa pa Machitidwe 12:12. Kaya zinalidi choncho kapena ayi, chipindacho chinali malo abwino amene otsatira a Khristu akanasonkhanamo. Koma kodi pa nthawiyi ndi ndani amene anasonkhana m’chipindacho ndipo ankachitamo chiyani?

¹⁷ Msonkhano umenewu sunali wa atumwi kapena amuna okhaokha. Panali “azimayi ena” komanso Mariya, mayi a Yesu. Iyi inali nthawi yomaliza imene Mariya anatchulidwa m’Baibulo. Sikuti Mariya anakhala nawo pamsonkhanowu pofuna kutchuka, koma anapita kumeneko modzichepetsa kuti akakhale limodzi ndi abale ndi alongo ake auzimu polambira Mulungu. Iye analimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuona kuti pamsonkhanowo anali limodzi ndi ana ake aamuna 4, amene sanali okhulupirira pa nthawi imene Yesu anali padziko lapansi. (Mat. 13:55; Yoh. 7:5) Iwo anasintha kuchokera pamene m’bale wawo Yesu anaphedwa ndi kuukitsidwa.​—1 Akor. 15:7.

¹⁸ Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ophunzirawo anasonkhana pamodzi? Malemba amati: “Mogwirizana, onsewa ankalimbikira kupemphera.” (Mac. 1:14) Kuyambira kalekale, Akhristu amaona kuti kusonkhana pamodzi kuti alambire Mulungu n’kofunika kwambiri. Timasonkhana kuti tizilimbikitsana, tilandire malangizo komanso uphungu, ndiponso kuti tizilambira Atate wathu wakumwamba Yehova, limodzi ndi abale athu. Pa nthawiyi, tikamapemphera ndiponso kuimba nyimbo zotamanda Mulungu timasangalatsa Yehova ndipo zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri kwa ife. Choncho tisasiye kupita kumisonkhano yopatulika komanso yolimbikitsayi.​—Aheb. 10:24, 25.

19-21. (a) Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani pa zimene Petulo anachita potsogolera mumpingo? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani zinali zofunika kuti munthu wina alowe m’malo mwa Yudasi, nanga tingaphunzire chiyani tikaona mmene nkhaniyo inayendera?

¹⁹ Kenako panachitika nkhani inayake yaikulu imene otsatira Khristuwo anafunika kuithetsa, ndipo mtumwi Petulo ndi amene anatsogolera pothetsa nkhaniyo. (Vesi 15-26) N’zolimbikitsa kuona mmene Petulo anasinthira mmene ankaonera zinthu komanso moyo wake patangopita milungu yochepa kuchokera pamene anakana Ambuye wake katatu. (Maliko 14:72) Tonsefe timachimwa, ndipo timafunikira kukumbutsidwa kuti Yehova ndi ‘wabwino ndipo ndi wokonzeka kukhululukira’ anthu amene alapa kuchokera pansi pa mtima.​—Sal. 86:5.

²⁰ Petulo anaona kuti pakufunika munthu wolowa m’malo mwa Yudasi, mtumwi  amene anapereka Yesu. Koma kodi ndi ndani akanalowa m’malo mwake? Mtumwi watsopanoyo ankayenera kukhala amene anatsatira Yesu pa utumiki wake wonse ndipo anali mboni ya kuukitsidwa kwake. (Mac. 1:21, 22) Zimenezi zinali zogwirizana ndi zimene Yesu analonjeza kuti: “Inu amene mwakhala mukunditsatira mudzakhalanso m’mipando yachifumu 12, n’kumaweruza mafuko 12 a Isiraeli.” (Mat. 19:28) Malemba amasonyeza kuti Yerusalemu Watsopano ankafunika kukhala ndi “miyala yomangira maziko yokwana 12.” (Chiv. 21:2, 14) Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti Yehova anakonza zoti atumwi 12 amene ankayenda ndi Yesu mu utumiki wake padziko lapansi, adzakhale miyala imeneyi m’tsogolo. Choncho Mulungu anathandiza Petulo kuzindikira kuti ulosi wakuti, “udindo wake monga woyang’anira utengedwe ndi munthu wina,” ukukwaniritsidwa pa Yudasi.​—Sal. 109:8.

²¹ Kodi iwo anasankha bwanji mtumwi watsopanoyo? Anachita maere, njira imene inali yofala pa nthawiyo. (Miy. 16:33) Komabe, aka ndi komaliza pamene Baibulo likusonyeza kuti maere ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira imeneyi. Zikuoneka kuti Akhristu anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito maere pamene analandira mzimu woyera. Koma taganizirani chifukwa chimene atumwiwo anagwiritsira ntchito maere. Iwo anapemphera kuti: “Inu Yehova, mumadziwa mitima ya anthu onse, tisonyezeni amene mwamusankha pa anthu awiriwa.” (Mac. 1:23, 24) Iwo ankafuna kudziwa munthu amene Yehova anamusankha. Ndipo amene anasankhidwa anali Matiya, yemwe mwina anali m’gulu la ophunzira 70 amene Yesu nthawi ina anawatuma kukalalikira. Choncho Matiya anakhala m’gulu la “atumwi 12 aja.” c​—Mac. 6:2.

22, 23. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kugonjera komanso kumvera abale amene akutsogolera mumpingo masiku ano?

²² Zimenezi zikutikumbutsa kuti Mulungu amafuna kuti anthu ake azichita zinthu mwadongosolo. Masiku anonso, amuna odalirika amasankhidwa kuti akhale oyang’anira mumpingo. Akulu amakambirana mosamala kwambiri mfundo za m’Malemba zimene oyang’anira amafunika kukwaniritsa, ndipo amapemphera kuti mzimu woyera uwatsogolere. N’chifukwa chake mpingo umaona kuti amuna amenewo anaikidwa pa udindowo ndi mzimu woyera. Choncho ife timawagonjera ndi kuwamvera pamene akutitsogolera, ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mpingo wonse ukhale wogwirizana.​—Aheb. 13:17.

²³ Ophunzira a Yesu analimbikitsidwa kwambiri pamene anamuonanso ataukitsidwa komanso chifukwa cha zinthu zina zimene zinasintha. Zimenezi zinawathandiza kuti akhale okonzeka kulandira mphatso yapadera. Mutu wotsatira ufotokoza zimene zinachitika pa nthawi yosaiwalika pamene iwo analandira mphatso yapaderayi.