“Mu misi ya Herodi Umwami”

MU NTUMBERO yo kwica Yezu akiri umwana, Herodi Mukuru umwami w’i Yudaya, yararungitse abantu ngo baje kugandagura abana b’abahungu bose b’i Betelehemu. Inkuru ya kahise iravuga ibintu vyinshi vyabaye “mu misi ya Herodi umwami,” bino bikaba bituma umuntu arushiriza gutahura ukuntu ibintu vyari vyifashe mu gihe c’ubuzima bwa Yezu be n’ubusuku bwiwe.​—Matayo 2:1-16.

Ni igiki none catumye Herodi arondera kwica Yezu? Vyongeye, ni kubera iki igihe Yezu yavuka Abayuda bari bafise umwami, mugabo igihe yapfa bakaba batwarwa na Ponsiyo Pilato, uno akaba yari Umuroma? Kugira ngo tubone neza uruhara Herodi afise mu nkuru ya kahise twongere dutahure igituma ahambaye ku basoma Bibiliya, turakeneye gusubiza amaso inyuma mu myaka mirongo imbere y’uko Yezu avuka.

Indyane zo kurwanira ubutegetsi i Yudaya

Mu gice ca mbere c’ikinjana ca kabiri B.G.C., i Yudaya hategekwa n’umuryango w’aba Séleucides b’Abasiriya, uno ukaba ari umwe mu miryango ine ya cami yashizweho inyuma y’aho inganji ya Alegizandere Mukuru isamburiwe. Ariko rero, nko mu mwaka wa 168 B.G.C., igihe umwami wo muri uwo muryango w’aba Séleucides yagerageza gufata ugusenga Yehova ngo agusubirize n’ugusenga Zeyu ku rusengero rw’Abayuda rwari i Yeruzalemu, Abayuda, abari bayobowe n’umuryango w’aba Makabe, baciye bavyiyamiriza. Aba Makabe, ari bo ba Asimoni, bategetse i Yudaya kuva mu 142-63 B.G.C.

Mu 66 B.G.C., abaganwa babiri b’aba Asimoni ari bo Hyrcan wa kabiri na mwene wabo Aristobule, bararwaniye kuja ku ngoma. Haciye haduka intambara y’abanyagihugu, kandi bompi bararondeye gufashwa n’uwitwa Pompée, uno akaba yari umujenerali w’Umuroma yari i Siriya ico gihe. Pompée ntiyagishije ako karyo ko kuvyinjiramwo.

Nkako, Abaroma bariko bararushiriza kugira akosho berekeza mu Buseruko, kandi ico gihe, ni bo biganzira igice kinini ca Aziya Ntoya. Ariko rero, abategetsi bagoyagoya bagiye barakurakuranwa muri Siriya, bari bararetse ako karere karuzuramwo akajagari, ivyo bikaba vyari bigeramiye amahoro Abaroma bipfuza kuzigama mu Buseruko. Ni co gituma Pompée yaciye avyinjiramwo kugira yigarurire Siriya.

Kugira ngo atorere umuti amatati yarangwa mu ba Asimoni, yarashigikiye Hyrcan, kandi mu 63 B.G.C., Abaroma barateye Yeruzalemu kugira ngo bimike umwami bishakiye. Ariko rero,  Hyrcan ntiyobaye umutegetsi yigenga. Ico gihe rero, Abaroma bari bamaze kuhashika kandi ivyo gukuramwo akarenge ntivyarimwo. Hyrcan yaciye aba umutegetsi ashizweho n’Abaroma, ubutegetsi bwiwe akaba yabukesha bo, ubuntu bamugirira be n’ukuntu bamushigikira bikaba ari vyo vyatuma aguma ku ngoma. Ibibera mu gihugu yarashobora kubitunganya nk’uko abishaka, ariko ibijanye n’imigenderanire yagiranira n’ayandi mahanga vyategerezwa kwisunga imigambi y’Uburoma.

Ukuntu Herodi yashitse ku butegetsi

Hyrcan yari umwami afise ububasha buke. Ariko rero, yari ashigikiwe n’uwitwa Antipater, uno akaba yari uwo muri Idumeya kandi akaba yari se wa Herodi Mukuru. Antipater ni we yari ashigikiye iyo ngoma. Yaratururuje utugwi tw’Abayuda b’abagumutsi maze bidatevye yigarurira Yudaya bimwe bishitse. Yarafashije Yuliyo Sezari kurwaniriza abansi biwe mu Misiri, kandi Abaroma baramushimiye mu kumugira umutegetsi, akaba ari bo yaha raporo y’ivyo akora ata wundi biciyeko. Antipater na we, yaciye agena umuhungu wiwe Phasaël ngo abe buramatari w’i Yeruzalemu, umuhungu wiwe Herodi na we amugena kuba buramatari w’i Galilaya.

Antipater yarigishije abo bahungu biwe yuko ata kintu na kimwe bari gushobora gushikako Uburoma butagishigikiye. Herodi yaragumije ico cigwa ku muzirikanyi. Mu kiringo cose yatwaye, yararimbanije ivyo yasabwa n’Abaroma bari bamufiseko ubukuru be n’ivyo yasabwa n’Abayuda yatwara. Yarafashijwe n’ubuhanga yari afise mu vyo gutunganya ibintu no mu vyo kuba kizigenza. Igihe Herodi yagenwa ngo abe buramatari, akaba yari afise imyaka 25, ntiyatevye gukundwa cane n’Abayuda hamwe n’Abaroma kubera yuko yaciye atuza abigiranye inguvu nyinshi imigwi y’abambuzi yari mu karere yatwara.

Inyuma y’aho abakeba bahereye ishano Antipater mu 43 B.G.C., Herodi yaciye aba we muntu afise ububasha gusumba abandi bose i Yudaya. Yamara, yari afise abansi. Abakuru b’i Yeruzalemu bamubona nk’umuntu yanyaze ubutegetsi kandi baragerageje kujijura Uburoma ngo bumubogoze. Vyarabataye ku w’amazi. Uburoma bwagumye bwibuka ivyo Antipater yaranguye kandi bwaraha agaciro ubuhanga umuhungu wiwe yari afise.

Agirwa umwami wa Yudaya

Vya bintu hari haciye nk’imyaka 20 Pompée agize kugira ngo atorere umuti ingorane zarangwa mu ba Asimoni zijanye no kubisikanya ku butegetsi, vyari vyatumye benshi bajingitwa. Ka kagwi k’abari bashigikiye Aristobule kagumye kagerageza gusubira gufata ubutegetsi, kandi mu 40 B.G.C., barashoboye kubishikako babifashijwemwo n’abansi b’Uburoma, ni ukuvuga Abapariti. Bafatiye ku kajagari kari mu Buroma bitumwe n’intambara y’abanyagihugu yariko irahaba, barateye Siriya, barakura Hyrcan ku butegetsi maze bahashira umwe mu bo mu muryango w’aba Asimoni aterekwa Uburoma.

Herodi yaciye ahungira mu Buroma, aho yakiranywe igishika. Abaroma bashaka ko Abapariti birukanwa bakava i Yudaya maze ako karere kagasubira mu minwe yabo gatwarwa n’umutegetsi bihitiyemwo. Bari bakeneye umuntu wo kwizigirwa bokorana, kandi babona ko Herodi abikwiye. Ni co gituma Inama nkenguzamateka y’Uburoma yaciye yimika Herodi aba umwami wa Yudaya. Ikintu Herodi yakoze cerekana ko yobwirijwe kudohoka ku bintu bitari bike kugira ngo agume ku butegetsi, ni uko yayoboye umugwi w’abantu bagize urugendo bava ku ngoro y’Inama nkenguzamateka gushika ku rusengero rwa Jipiteri, aho yatangiye ibimazi abiha ibimana vy’abapagani.

Herodi afashijwe n’ingabo z’Abaroma, yaratsinze abansi biwe i Yudaya maze asubira ku ngoma. Abari baramurwanije yabihoye abigiranye ubukazi. Yaraherengeteje aba Asimoni be na ba bakuru b’Abayuda bari barabashigikiye, hamwe n’abandi bantu abo ari bo bose baterekwa ibijanye no gutegekwa n’umuntu acuditse n’intwaro y’Abaroma.

Herodi akomeza ubutegetsi bwiwe

Mu 31 B.G.C., igihe uwitwa Octave yagaragara ko ari we mutegetsi w’Abaroma yemerwa na bose mu gutsindira uwitwa Mariko Antoni i Agitiyumu, Herodi yaciye abona ko ubugenzi yari amaze igihe kirekire afitaniye na Mariko Antoni bwohavuye buvyura amakenga. Herodi yaciye rero yihutira kwemerera Octave ko atazomuhemukira. Uwo mutegetsi mushasha w’Umuroma na we yaciye yemeza ko Herodi ari we mwami wa Yudaya, aca aramwagurira uturere yatwara.

Mu myaka yakurikiye, Herodi yaratumye ubwami bwiwe butunga bugatunganirwa, arahindura  Yeruzalemu icika ahantu hatsimbataye imico kama y’Abagiriki. Yaratanguye kurangura imigambi ikomakomeye y’ubwubatsi, arubaka ibirimba, igisagara citwa Sezariya kirimwo ikivuko be n’izindi nyubakwa nininini nshasha zegukira urusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu. Muri ico gihe nyene, imigambi yiwe yaguma ishingiye ku bugenzi yari afitaniye n’Uburoma kandi ni bwo bwatuma agira ububasha.

Herodi yari yifatiye mu minwe Yudaya yose kandi ubutegetsi bwiwe bwari ntaharirizwa. Vyongeye, Herodi yarisuka mu bikorwa vy’abaherezi bakuru, akaba yaragena muri uwo murimo uwo ashatse wese.

Amashari yatumye haba ubwicanyi

Herodi yari afise ingorane nyinshi mu buzima bwiwe. Abenshi mu bakenyezi biwe cumi, uwo ari we wese yashaka ko umwe mu bahungu biwe ari we yosubirira se ku ngoma. Imigambi mibi yarangwa ku kirimba yarakabuye umwikeko Herodi yari afise be n’ubunyamaswa bwiwe. Abitumwe n’ishari, yaricishije umukenyezi wiwe yakunda kuruta abandi ari we Mariamne, kandi mu nyuma aranyongesha babiri mu bahungu b’uwo mugore kubera yikeka ko bariko bamugīra imigambi mibi. Ku bw’ivyo rero, inkuru yiganwa na Matayo yerekeye bwa bwicanyi bw’i Betelehemu irahuza n’ibisanzwe bizwi ku bijanye n’ingene Herodi yari ameze be n’umwiyemezo yari afise wo guherengeteza abo yiyumvira ko bashobora kuba ari abakeba biwe.

Hari abavuga ko kubera yuko Herodi yari azi ko abantu batamwerekwa, yari yiyemeje ko inyuma y’urupfu rwiwe hoba ikigandaro mu gihugu cose hako haba umunezero. Mu ntumbero yo gushika kuri uwo mugambi, yarapfungishije abanyagihugu b’i Yudaya baja imbere abandi maze ategeka ko bose boca bicwa igihe hobaye hatangajwe ko yapfuye. Iryo tegeko ntiryigeze rishirwa mu ngiro.

Iragi Herodi Mukuru yasize

Igihe Herodi yapfa, Uburoma bwaciye busohora itegeko ry’uko Arikelayo asubirira se akaba umutegetsi w’i Yudaya be n’uko abandi bahungu biwe babiri baba abaganwa bigenga, ni ukuvuga abo bita tétrarques, Antipa akaba umuganwa wa Galilaya na Pereya, Filipo na we uwa Itureya na Tirakonitidi. Arikelayo yahavuye agaragara ko atakundwa n’abo yatwara be n’abari bamufiseko ubukuru. Inyuma y’imyaka cumi yamaze ategeka ataco ashikako, Abaroma baramubogoje maze bagena buramatari wabo, uwo akaba ari we yahavuye asubirirwa na Ponsiyo Pilato. Muri ico gihe nyene, Antipa, uwo Luka yita gusa Herodi be na Filipo, bobo barabandanije gutegeka intara zabo. Ukwo ni ko ibintu vyari vyifashe mu vya politike mu ntango z’ubusuku bwa Yezu.​—Luka 3:1.

Herodi Mukuru yari umunyapolitike w’urwenge be n’umwicanyi w’umubisha, bikaba bishoboka ko ikintu kibi gusumba ibindi vyose yakoze ari ukugerageza kwica Yezu igihe yari akiri umwana. Kurimbura uruhara Herodi yaranguye mu vya politike ni ngirakamaro ku basomyi ba Bibiliya, kuko bifasha gutahura ibintu bihambaye vyabaye muri ico gihe, bigasigura ukuntu Abaroma bacitse abategetsi b’Abayuda bikongera bikerekana ukuntu ibintu vyari vyifashe mu gihe c’ubuzima bwa Yezu bwo ng’aha kw’isi be n’ubusuku bwiwe.

[Ikarata ku rup. 15]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)

Palesitina be n’uturere twari tuhakikuje mu gihe ca Herodi

SIRIYA

ITUREYA

GALILAYA

TIRAKONITIDI

Ikiyaga c’i Galilaya

Uruzi Yorodani

Sezariya

SAMARIYA

PEREYA

Yeruzalemu

Betelehemu

YUDAYA

Ikiyaga c’Umunyu

IDUMEYA

[Ifoto ku rup. 13]

Herodi yari umwe gusa mu bategetsi bagiye barakurakuranwa bategetse i Yudaya mu binjana bibiri vy’imbere y’ubusuku bwa Yezu