Zimene Anyani Amachita Akakhala M’tchire

TINATENGA kanjira kakang’ono kodutsa m’nkhalango ina ku Africa. Ngakhale kuti m’nkhalangoyi munali mitengo yambiri, dzuwa linkatiombabe. Poyamba, dzuwali linkatithobwa m’maso kwambiri koma kenako maso athu anayamba kuzolowera. Tinkachita chidwi kwambiri ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe tinkalira mosalekeza ndiponso mitengo italiitali, ina yaitali mpaka mamita 55, komanso yokulungizidwa ndi zomera. Tinagoma ndi zimenezi ndipo tinadziwa kuti tiona zambiri. Tinaganiza zoyenda mwakachetechete komanso mwatcheru. Kenako tinamva kulira kwa nyama inayake yomwe inkapumira m’mwamba. Phokosoli linapitiriza kukwera mpaka kufika pogonthetsa m’makutu ndipo kenako linasiya. Apa tinadziwa kuti tatsala pang’ono kuona anyani omwe timawafuna. Titangoyenda pang’ono tinapeza gulu la anyani otchedwa chimpanzee.

Anyaniwa akamalira amakhala akuitanira anzawo chakudya. N’kutheka kuti anyaniwa ankaitanizana chifukwa chakuti anapeza mkuyu zambiri zakupsa. Titayang’ana m’nthambi zikuluzikulu za mitengo ya nkhuyuyi tinaona anyani ambiri, pakati pa 20 ndi 30, akudya nkhuyu mwaufulu. Anyaniwa anali ndi tsitsi lakuda ndipo linkaoneka lokongola makamaka akakhala padzuwa. Kenako nyani wina anayamba kutigenda ndi timitengo ta nkhuyu, ndipo pasanapite nthawi yaitali malo amene tinaima panali timitengo tokhatokha. Tinadziwiratu kuti sakufuna kutigawira chakudyacho.

Nthawi yabwino imene mungaone anyaniwa ndi pamene zipatsozi zapsa. Panthawi ina n’zovuta kuwaona chifukwa amangoyendayenda ndipo nthawi zambiri sakhala m’magulu akuluakulu. Anyani akakhala kutchire amangokhalira kudya tsiku lonse ndipo amapita kutali kwambiri kukafunafuna chakudya. Kuwonjezera pa zipatso, amakonda kudya masamba, nthanga ndiponso mitengo ing’onoing’ono. Amadyanso nyerere, mazira a mbalame ndiponso chiswe. Nthawi zina amapha nyama zing’onozing’ono, kuphatikizapo anyani amitundu ina, n’kudya.

Nthawi itatsala pang’ono kufika 12 koloko masana, m’mitengo munayamba kutentha kwambiri. Choncho, nyani wina anatsika mumtengomo ndipo pasanapite nthawi, anyani enanso anamutsatira. Anyaniwa analowerera mkati m’nkhalango yowirirayi mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Koma nyani wina wamng’ono komanso wofuntha kwambiri ankalendewera nthambi zosiyanasiyana n’cholinga choti ationetsetse. Nyaniyu ankachita zinthu zambiri zoseketsa ndipo tinasangalala kwambiri.

Anyaniwa Amachita Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi

Pobwerera, mmodzi wa anthu amene tinali nawo paulendowu anatiuza kuti tiyang’ane kumbuyo. Titatembenuka, tinaona nyani atabisala kuseri kwa mtengo ndipo ankatisuzumira mobera. Iye anaima ndi miyendo iwiri ndipo anali wamtali mwina mita imodzi. Tikamamuyang’ana, ankabisa mutu wake kuseri kwa mtengowo ndipo tikasiya kumuyang’ana ankayambiranso kutisuzumira. Chidwi chakechi chinkatisangalatsa  kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anyaniwa amatha kuima ndi miyendo iwiri ndiponso kuyenda ulendo waufupi adakali choncho, nthawi zambiri amadalira miyendo yonse inayi kuti ayende bwinobwino. Anyani amavutika kuti ayende mowongoka ngati anthu chifukwa chakuti fupa la nsana wawo silitha kupindika. Chinanso, minofu ya kumbuyo ndi yopanda mphamvu ndiponso mikono yawo ndi yaitali komanso yamphamvu kuposa miyendo. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti asamavutike kuyenda ndi miyendo inayi kapena kukwera ndi kulendewera m’mitengo.

Manja aataliwa amathandizanso akafuna kuthyola zipatso zimene zili m’nthambi zing’onozing’ono zomwe ngati atayesa kufikako akhoza kugwa. Manja ndi mapazi awo zinapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuti azitha kugwira nthambi zamitengo osagwa. Ali ndi zala zazikulu zakumapazi zimene zimaloza m’mbali ndipo zimagwira ntchito ngati zala zakumanja. Zimathandiza anyaniwa kukwera m’mitengo ndiponso kunyamula zinthu mosavuta. Luso limeneli ndi lofunika kwambiri makamaka madzulo pokonza malo ogona. Anyaniwa amangotenga masamba ndi nthambi zamitengo n’kuzipinda apa ndi apo, kenako basi malo abwino ogona apezeka.

Kuona ndiponso kuphunzira za anyaniwa kuthengo n’kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofanana ndi zimene anthu amachita ndipo m’thupi lawo muli zinthu zambiri zimene anthunso ali nazo. Koma anthu ena amaphunzira za nyama zimenezi pongofuna kulimbikitsa maganizo akuti anthufe ndi anyani ndi pachibale. Choncho, mwina mungakhale ndi mafunso ngati awa: Kodi anthu amasiyana bwanji ndi anyani? Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti anthu, mosiyana ndi nyama, anapangidwa “m’chifanizo” cha Mulungu?—Genesis 1:26.

Unali Ulendo Wosaiwalika

Anyaniwa akakhala kutchire, saoneka chisawawa ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisala akaona munthu. Nthawi zina pofuna kuwateteza kuti asatheretu, anthu ena amawaweta n’cholinga choti azolowerane ndi anthu.

Ulendo wathu wachidule wokaona anyani kunkhalango imeneyi unali wosaiwalika. Unatithandiza kudziwa zina ndi zina zokhudza zimene anyani amachita kutchire, zomwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene amachita akakhala m’malo osungirako zinyama.—Genesis 1:24, 25.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 14, 15]

ANTHU NDI OSIYANA KWAMBIRI NDI ANYANI

Jane Goodall, yemwe ndi wasayansi wotchuka, analemba m’buku lake (In the Shadow of Man) zinthu zokhudza anyani zimene iye anaona m’zaka za m’ma 1960. Iye ananena kuti anaona anyani “akupanga zida” ndipo zimenezi “zinachititsa chidwi asayansi ambiri moti panafunika kuphunzira kwambiri zokhudza kumene anthu anachokera.” Iye anaona anyani akugwiritsa ntchito masamba podzikhula, akugwiritsa ntchito miyala kapena timitengo poswa mtedza, ndiponso akuchotsa masamba ku timitengo asanalowetse ku una wa chiswe kuti akole chiswecho. Komabe, zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri azindikira kuti nyama zinanso zambiri zimachita zinthu zogometsa zimenezi. Dr. T. X. Barber, yemwe analemba buku lonena za mbalame, anati: “Nyama zonse zomwe taziphunzira zasonyeza kuti zimachita zinthu zinazake zochititsa chidwi ndipo zili ndi nzeru zodabwitsa.”—The Human Nature of Birds—A Scientific Discovery With Startling Implications.

Koma zimene akatswiriwa apeza sizikusintha mfundo yakuti anthu ndi osiyana ndi nyama. Mogwirizana ndi zimene Pulofesa David Premack analemba, “galamala ya zinenero zimene anthu amalankhula ndiponso kasanjidwe ka mawu a m’zinenerozo n’zogometsa kwambiri.” Indedi, chinenero ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu n’zogometsa kwambiri ndipo mosiyana ndi anthu, anyani sangathe kulankhulana chinenero chilichonse momveka bwino.

  Atatha zaka zambiri akuphunzira zimene anyani amachita kutchire, katswiri wa nyama Dr. Jane Goodall analemba kuti: “Anyani sangafanane ndi anthu ngakhale pang’ono. Anthu amakondana kwambiri kuposa anyani, ndipo chifukwa cha chikondi chimenechi amasamalirana, kutetezana ndiponso kulolerana.” Iye analembanso kuti: “Anthu amadziwa bwino kwambiri kuti iwowo ndi ndani kuposa nyama. Anthu amafuna kudziwa kuti moyo wawo ndiponso zinthu zina padzikoli zinayamba bwanji. Amafunanso kudziwa kuti zinthu zakuthambo zinakhalapo bwanji.”

Baibulo limafotokoza kusiyana kwa nyama ndi anthu ponena kuti anthu analengedwa “m’chifanizo cha Mulungu.” (Genesis 1:27) Choncho, mosiyana ndi nyama, anthu amatha kusonyeza makhalidwe a Mlengi wawo, monga chikondi, lomwe ndi khalidwe lalikulu la Mulungu. Chifukwa chakuti anthu analengedwa m’chifanizo cha Mulungu, amathanso kuphunzira zinthu zambiri ndiponso kuchita zinthu mwanzeru kwambiri kuposa nyama. Anthu ali ndi ufulu wosankha pochita zinthu kusiyana ndi nyama, zomwe zimangochita zinthu mwachibadwa.

[Zithunzi patsamba 15]

Anyani amakonda kusewera ndipo ndi achidwi kwambiri moti ndi oyeneradi kukhala m’tchire

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chimpanzees, top right: Corbis/Punchstock/Getty Images; lower left and right: SuperStock RF/SuperStock; Jane Goodall: © Martin Engelmann/age fotostock

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 13]

© Photononstop/SuperStock