So Wunim Safan ne N’abusua Ho Nsɛm?

BERE a wokenkan wo Bible no, so woahyɛ no nsow da sɛ wɔka Safan ne n’abusua a na wɔyɛ atitiriw no mufo bi ho asɛm? Ná wɔne henanom? Dɛn na wɔyɛe? Asuade bɛn na yebetumi anya afi wɔn hɔ?

Bible ka ‘Mesulam ba Asalia ba Safan’ ho asɛm bere a Yosia de nokware som sii hɔ bio wɔ afe 642 A.Y.B mu no. (2 Ahene 22:3) Mfirihyia 36 a edi hɔ mu kosi Yerusalem sɛe mu wɔ afe 607 A.Y.B. mu no, wɔka ne mmabarima baanan, Ahikam, Elasa, Gemaria, ne Yaasania, ne ne mmanananom baanu, Mikaia ne Gedalia, ho asɛm kyerɛ yɛn. (Hwɛ adaka no.) Encyclopaedia Judaica kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Na Safan abusua na ɛhwɛ mmara ho nsɛm so wɔ [Yuda ahemman no mu] na na wokura dibea sɛ ɔhene no akyerɛwfo mu fi Yosia so kosii sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔɔ Nnommumfa mu.” Nea Bible ka fa Safan ne n’abusua ho nhwehwɛmu a yɛbɛyɛ no bɛboa yɛn ma yɛahu sɛnea wɔboaa odiyifo Yeremia ne Yehowa nokware som no.

Safan Boa Nokware Som

Wɔ 642 A.Y.B. mu, bere a na Ɔhene Yosia adi bɛyɛ mfirihyia 25 no, na Safan som sɛ ɔhene no kyerɛwfo. (Yeremia 36:10) Ná ɛno hwehwɛ dɛn? Nhoma a yɛabɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no ka sɛ na ahemfie kyerɛwfo no yɛ ɔhene fotufo a ɔbɛn no paa, ɔhwɛ sikasɛm so, ne ho akokwaw wɔ nsɛm ho dwumadi mu, na ɔwɔ nimdeɛ wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm, mmara, ne aguadi ho nhyehyɛe mu. Enti, sɛ́ ahemfie kyerɛwfo no, na Safan yɛ ahemman no mu mmarima a wɔyɛ atitiriw sen biara no mu biako.

Mfe du a na atwam no, abofra Yosia ‘fii ase hwehwɛɛ n’agya Dawid Nyankopɔn.’ Ɛda adi sɛ na Safan anyin sen Yosia ma enti na obetumi de honhom fam afotu ama Yosia na waboa no wɔ ne satu a edi kan a na ɛbɛma wasan de nokware som asi hɔ no mu. *—2 Beresosɛm 34:1-8.

Bere a wɔresiesie asɔrefie hɔ no, wohuu “mmara nhoma no,” na Safan “fii ase kenkan kyerɛɛ ɔhene no.” Yosia ho dwiriw no bere a ɔtee emu nsɛm no, na ɔsomaa mmarima anokwafo bi kɔɔ odiyifobea Hulda nkyɛn sɛ wonkobisa nhoma no ho asɛm mfi Yehowa hɔ mma no. Ɔhene no kyerɛɛ Safan ne ne ba Ahikam mu ahotoso, na ɔde wɔn kaa abɔfo no ho.—2 Ahene 22:8-14; 2 Beresosɛm 34:14-22.

Eyi ne ade biako pɛ a wɔtwe adwene si so wɔ Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu a ɛfa nea Safan ankasa yɛe ho. Wɔ Bible nkyekyɛm ahorow mu no, wɔka ne ho asɛm sɛ agya anaa nanabarima kɛkɛ. Safan asefo ne odiyifo Yeremia benyaa abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den.

Ahikam ne Gedalia

Sɛnea yɛahu dedaw no, Safan ba Ahikam na wodi kan bɔ ne din wɔ abɔfo a wotuu wɔn  kɔɔ odiyifobea Hulda nkyɛn no mu. Nhoma bi ka sɛ: “Ɛwom sɛ wɔnka Ahikam abodin ho asɛm wɔ Hebri Bible no mu de, nanso ɛda adi sɛ na ɔwɔ dibea a ɛkorɔn.”

Wɔ saa asɛm no akyi bɛyɛ mfirihyia 15 no, Yeremia nkwa bɛdaa asiane mu. Bere a ɔbɔɔ nkurɔfo no kɔkɔ wɔ Yehowa tirim a wabɔ sɛ ɔbɛsɛe Yerusalem ho no, “asɔfo ne adiyifo ne ɔman no nyinaa bumaa no kae sɛ: Owu na wubewu.” Dɛn na efii mu bae? Amanneɛbɔ no toa so sɛ: “Nso [Safan] ba Ahikam nsa na ɛda Yeremia ho, nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔamfa no anhyɛ ɔman no nsa na wɔankum no.” (Yeremia 26:1-24) Dɛn na eyi kyerɛ? The Anchor Bible Dictionary ka sɛ: “Saa asɛm yi nkyerɛ sɛ na Ahikam wɔ nkɛntɛnso nko, na mmom ɛkyerɛ nso sɛ te sɛ Safan abusuafo a wɔaka no, na ɔpɛ Yeremia asɛm.”

Bɛyɛ mfirihyia 20 akyi, bere a Babilonfo sɛee Yerusalem wɔ afe 607 A.Y.B. mu na wɔde nnipa dodow no ara kɔɔ nnommumfa mu no, wɔpaw Safan banana Gedalia, a ɔyɛ Ahikam ba no, amrado wɔ Yudafo nkae no so. So na ɔte sɛ Safan abusuafo afoforo a wɔhwɛɛ Yeremia so no? Bible kyerɛwtohɔ no kenkan sɛ: “Yeremia kɔɔ Ahikam ba Gedalia nkyɛn Mispa, na ɔne no [trae].” Wɔ asram kakraa bi mu no, wokum Gedalia, na Yudafo a wɔkae no de Yeremia kaa wɔn ho bere a wotu kɔɔ Misraim no.—Yeremia 40:5-7; 41:1, 2; 43:4-7.

Gemaria ne Mikaia

Safan ba Gemaria ne ne banana Mikaia dii dwuma titiriw wɔ nsɛm a wɔaka wɔ Yeremia ti 36 no mu. Ná bere no yɛ bɛyɛ afe 624 A.Y.B. mu, wɔ Ɔhene Yehoakim afe a ɛto so anum mu. Baruk, Yeremia kyerɛwfo no, kenkanee Yeremia nsɛm no den wɔ Yehowa fie wɔ ‘Safan ba Gemaria pia mu.’ Na ‘Safan ba Gemaria ba Mikaia tee Yehowa nsɛm a ɛwɔ nhoma no mu no nyinaa.’—Yeremia 36:9-11.

Mikaia kaa nhoma mmobɔwee no ho asɛm kyerɛɛ ne papa ne mmapɔmma a aka nyinaa, na wɔn nyinaa pɛe sɛ wɔbɛte nea ɛwom. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛɛ wɔn ade? “Na wɔtee nsɛm no nyinaa no, wɔde ahodwiriw hwehwɛɛ wɔn ho anim, na wɔka kyerɛɛ Baruk sɛ: Yɛbɛka nsɛm yi nyinaa akyerɛ ɔhene.” Nanso, ansa na wɔne ɔhene rekɔkasa no, wotuu Baruk fo sɛ: “Kɔ na kohintaw, wo ne Yeremia, na obiara anhu nea mowɔ.”—Yeremia 36:12-19.

Sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan no, ɔhene no poo nhoma mmobɔwee no mu nsɛm no, na ɔhyew no mmiako mmiako. Mmapɔmma  bi, a na Safan ba Gemaria ka ho, “paa ɔhene kyɛw sɛ ɔnnhyew mmobɔwee no, nanso wantie wɔn.” (Yeremia 36:21-25) Jeremiah—An Archaeological Companion nhoma no ka sɛ: “Gemaria gyinaa Yeremia akyi denneennen wɔ Ɔhene Yehoiakim ahemfie hɔ.”

Elasa ne Yaasania

Wɔ afe 617 A.Y.B. mu no, Babilon bedii Yuda ahemman no so. Wotuu Yudafo mpempem pii, “mmapɔmma nyinaa ne mmarima a wobetumi nyinaa . . . ne adwumfo ne atomfo nyinaa” kɔe, a na odiyifo Hesekiel ka ho. Matania, a Babilonfo sakraa ne din yɛɛ no Sedekia no, na ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔhene foforo wɔ Babilonfo ase. (2 Ahene 24:12-17) Akyiri yi Sedekia tuu ananmusifo a na Safan ba Elasa ka ho, kɔɔ Babilon. Yeremia de krataa maa Elasa a na ahiasɛm bi a efi Yehowa hɔ wom sɛ ɔmfa nkɔma Yudafo a wɔwɔ nnommumfa mu no.—Yeremia 29:1-3.

Enti Bible kyerɛwtohɔ kyerɛ sɛ Safan ne ne mmabarima baasa, ne ne mmanananom baanu no de wɔn dibea a ɛkorɔn no dii dwuma boaa nokware som ne odiyifo nokwafo Yeremia. Na Safan babarima Yaasania, nso ɛ? Ɛda adi sɛ wanyɛ n’ade te sɛ Safan abusuafo afoforo no, nti ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ ahonisom mu. Wɔ Hesekiel nnommumfa wɔ Babilon afe a ɛto so asia, anaasɛ wɔ afe 612 A.Y.B. mu no, odiyifo no nyaa anisoadehu bi a emu na na mmarima 70 rehyew aduhuam ama ahoni wɔ asɔrefie hɔ wɔ Yerusalem. Ná wɔn mu biako ne Yaasania, a ɔno nkutoo din na wɔbɔe no. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ na ɔyɛ kuw yi mu otitiriw. (Hesekiel 8:1, 9-12) Yaasania nhwɛso no da no adi sɛ tete a wɔbɛtete obi wɔ abusua a wosuro Onyankopɔn mu no nkyerɛ sɛ ɔbɛyɛ Yehowa somfo a odi nokware. Obiara nneyɛe ho asodi da n’ankasa so.—2 Korintofo 5:10.

Safan ne N’abusua Ho Abakɔsɛm

Ebeduu bere a Safan ne n’abusua nyaa nsɛm a esisii Yerusalem no mu kyɛfa no, na wɔde nsɔano di dwuma kɛse wɔ Yuda. Ná wɔde nsɔano di dwuma de di adanse anaasɛ wɔde kyerɛw din hyɛ nhoma ase, na na wɔde abohene, dade, asonse, anaa ahwehwɛ na ɛyɛ. Mpɛn pii no, na wɔkyerɛw nsɔano no wura ne ne papa din, ne ɛtɔ da bi a, owura no abodin gu so.

 Wɔahu Hebrifo nsɔano nkyerɛwee ɔhaha pii wɔ abopon bi so. Ɔbenfo Nahman Avigad, a ɔyɛ Hebri tete nkyerɛwde ho nimdefo no, kae sɛ: “Nsɔano nkyerɛwee no nkutoo ne Hebri tete nkyerɛwde a ɛbobɔ nnipa a wonim wɔn wɔ Bible mu no din.” So wɔahu nsɔano nkyerɛwee bi a ɛyɛ Safan anaa n’abusuafo de? Yiw, Safan ne ne babarima Gemaria din pue wɔ nsɔano a ɛwɔ nkratafa 19 ne 21 no so.

Animdefo san ka sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ wɔbɔɔ abusua no mufo baanan foforo din wɔ nsɔano nkyerɛwee no mu—Asalia, Safan agya; Ahikam, Safan ba; Gemaria, Safan ba; ne Gedalia, a ɛda adi sɛ wɔkaa ne ho asɛm wɔ nsɔano nkyerɛwee no mu sɛ na “odi Ofie no so” no. Wosusuw sɛ nsɔano ahorow yi mu nea ɛto so anan no yɛ Gedalia, Safan banana no dea, ɛwom sɛ wɔmmɔ ne papa Ahikam din de. N’abodin a ɛwɔ nsɔano nkyerɛwee no so no kyerɛ sɛ na ɔyɛ ɔman no mu atitiriw a wɔkorɔn sen biara no mu biako.

Dɛn na Yebetumi Asua?

Hwɛ nhwɛso pa ara a Safan ne n’abusua yɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn dibea a ɛkorɔn dii dwuma de boaa nokware som ne ɔnokwafo Yeremia! Yɛn nso yebetumi de yɛn ahode ne yɛn dibea adi dwuma de aboa Yehowa ahyehyɛde no ne yɛn mfɛfo asomfo.

Ɛyɛ nkuranhyɛ na ɛhyɛ yɛn gyidi den sɛ yɛrenkenkan Bible no daa kɛkɛ, na mmom sɛ yɛbɛpɛɛpɛɛ mu ahu Yehowa adansefo a wɔtraa ase tete bere mu te sɛ Safan ne n’abusua ho nsɛm. Wɔn nso ka “adansefo mununkum” kɛse a yebetumi asuasua wɔn nhwɛso no ho.—Hebrifo 12:1.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 22]

Hulda—Odiyifobea a na Ɔwɔ Nkɛntɛnso

Bere a Ɔhene Yosia tee “mmara nhoma” a wohui wɔ asɔrefie hɔ mu nsɛm no ara pɛ, ɔhyɛɛ Safan ne mpanyimfo foforo baanan a wɔkorɔn sɛ ‘wonkobisa’ nhoma no ho asɛm mfi ‘Yehowa’ hɔ. (2 Ahene 22:8-20) Ɛhe na na abɔfo no betumi anya mmuae? Ebetumi aba sɛ Yeremia ne Nahum ne Sefania, a na wɔn nyinaa yɛ adiyifo ne Bible akyerɛwfo no, traa Yuda saa bere no. Nanso, abɔfo no kɔɔ odiyifobea Hulda nkyɛn.

Jerusalem—An Archaeological Biography nhoma no ka sɛ: “Ade a ɛda nsow wɔ saa adeyɛ yi ho ne sɛ mmarima a wɔne ɔbea kodii nkitaho yi yɛ biribi a na ɛtaa kɔ so. Obiara ansusuw ho ketekete mpo sɛ ɛmfata sɛ boayikuw a mmarima nkutoo na wɔwom no de Mmara Nhoma no bɛkɔ ɔbea hɔ sɛ ɔnkyerɛ sɛnea emu nsɛm te. Bere a ɔbea no kae sɛ ɛyɛ Awurade asɛm no, obiara nni hɔ a ɔkaa sɛ onni tumi sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ dekode a ɛyɛ. Animdefo bu ani gu saa adeyɛ yi so bere nyinaa bere a wɔresusuw dwuma titiriw a na mmea di wɔ tete Israel ho no.” Nokwarem no, na asɛm a ɔka kyerɛɛ wɔn no fi Yehowa hɔ.

[Asɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 21]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

Safan Abusuafo

Mesulam

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Asaliah

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Safan

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Ahikam Elasa Gemaria Yaasania

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Gedalia Mikaia

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 20]

Gemaria ne afoforo srɛɛ Yehoiakim sɛ ɔnnhyew nhoma a efi Yeremia hɔ no

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 22]

Ɛwom sɛ na Yaasania yɛ Safan abusua no muni de, nanso wohuu no wɔ anisoadehu mu sɛ ɔresom ahoni

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 19]

Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 21]

Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority