Elias Hutter na Baibuli ze Enungi Eziyahindwire omu Ruheburaniya
N’OSOBORA kusoma Baibuli enyakuli omu rulimi Oruheburaniya? Kinu kisobora kukulema. Kandi nosobora kuba otakarorahoga Baibuli enyakuli omu rulimi Oruheburaniya. Baitu, nikiija kukukonyera kusiima Baibuli yawe obworamanya ebirukukwata ha mukugu arukwetwa Elias Hutter ayali aroho omu kyasa kya 16 hamu na Baibuli ebiri ez’Oruheburaniya eziyatiire.
Elias Hutter akazarwa omu mwaka gwa 1553 omu rubuga orurukwetwa Görlitz, orunyakuli omu ihanga lya Bugirimani ha nsaro nsaro ya Poland hamu n’ihanga lya Czech Republic. Hutter akasoma orulimi Oruramaiki hamu n’Oruheburaniya omu Lutheran University omu Jena. Obuyahikize emyaka 24 yonka ey’obukuru, bakamukoma kuba professor w’orulimi Oruheburaniya omu Leipzig. Akatandikaho isomero omu myaka ena yonka erirukwegesa Oruheburaniya, Oruyonaani, Orulatini, hamu n’Orugirimani omu kicweka kya Nuremberg ekyamufoire omu h’abantu abalesere empinduka omu by’enyegesa. Kasumi ako ekintu eki kyali kitarukusoboka omu masomero agandi goona hamu n’omu yunivasite.
“OBURUNGI BW’EMPINDURA ENU EYA BAIBULI”
Omu mwaka gwa 1587, Hutter akaturukya ekicweka kya Baibuli eky’okubanza omu Ruheburaniya ekya baingi beeta Endagaano Enkuru. Empindura enu yayetwagwa Derekh ha-Kodesh. Ibara linu likaruga omu Isaya 35:8 kandi nirimanyisa “Omuhanda Ogurukwera.” Omulingo omurungi ogu yahandiikirwemu gukongera kwoleka oburungi obw’empindura enu. Baitu eky’akizire kufoora empindura enu kuba ey’omugaso kiri ngu eka konyera abeegi kwega Oruheburaniya.
Kusobora kumanya ensonga habwaki Baibuli ya Hutter ey’Oruheburaniya yali y’omugaso, wetegereze ebizibu binu bibiri omwegi ebiyaitiranaga obuyalengahoga kusoma Baibuli omu Ruheburaniya. Eky’okubanza, enyuguta ez’Oruheburaniya zikaba nizahukanaho n’ezindi. Kandi ekyakabiri kiri ngu, kyagumiraga omwegi kwetegereza ebigambo habw’enyuguta ezongerwa ha bigambo kuha amakuru gandi. Nky’ekyokurorraho, tekerezaaho ekigambo kinu eky’Oruheburaniya נפשׁ (ekihindurwa ne’phesh), ekirukumanyisa “obwomeezi.” Omu Ezekyeri 18:4, ekigambo kinu kigaitibwaho enyuguta ה (ha), kwihayo kurungi amakuru kandi kifooka הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh).” Baitu ha muntu atamanyire Oruheburaniya, ekigambo kinu הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh) nikizooka nk’ekirukwahukana ha kigambo נפשׁ (ne’phesh).
Kusobora kukonyera abeegi be, Hutter akahandiika empindura enu omu mulingo ogw’embaganiza obuyahandiikire nakozesa enyuguta enkooto ezikwasire kurungi n’ezitakwasire. Ekigambo obukyabaga kyongiirweho enyuguta zindi kuha amakuru gandi, yakihandikaga * Ekigambo ekiihirwe omu Ruheburaniya kihandiikirwe omu nyuguta ezikwasire, kandi enyuguta ezongiirwe ha kigambo, tizikwasire. Ebisisani ebiri haiguru nibyoleka omulingo ebigambo ebiri omu Ezekyeri 18:4 byahandiikirwemu omu Baibuli ya Hutter ey’Oruheburaniya hamu n’omulingo obugambo obuli hansi bwolekerwemu omu Reference Bible.
omu nyuguta ezikwasire. Enyuguta ezayongerwaga ha kigambo yazihandiikaga omu nyuguta ezitakwasire. Omulingo gunu gukakonyera abeegi kwanguhirwa kumanya ebigambo ebikuru eby’Oruheburaniya kandi kyabakonyeraga kwanguha kwega Oruheburaniya. N’empindura ya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References ekozesa omulingo nugwo gumu omu bugambo obuli hansi.“ENDAGAANO EMPYAKA” OMU RUHEBURANIYA
Hutter akongera yateera ekicweka kya Baibuli ekya baingi beeta Endagaano Empyaka ekirumu endimi 12. Baibuli enu ekaturukibwa omu mwaka gwa 1599 omu kicweka kya Nuremberg kandi Baibuli enu ekira kwetwa Nuremberg Polyglot. Hutter akaba n’agonza kwongeramu orulimi Oruheburaniya, baitu akagamba ngu n’obuyakulengeroho kukozesa sente nyingi kutunga Baibuli ey’Oruheburaniya tikyakusobokere. * Nahabweki, akacwamu kwehindurra Endagaano Empyaka omu rulimi Oruheburaniya. Hutter akaleka emirimo ye endi yoona, amaani ge goona yagamarra ha kuhindura Baibuli enu kandi yagimara omu mwaka gumu gwonka!
Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani Hutter yahindwire omu Ruheburaniya bikaba biine birungi ki? Nk’omu mwaka gwa 1875, omusaija omukugu omu rulimi Oruheburaniya arukwetwa Franz Delitzsch akabazaaho Baibuli ya Hutter ati: “Empindura ye enu ey’Oruheburaniya ekooleka ngu akaba amanyire kurungi orulimi runu, ekintu ekyali kitanguhire kusanga omu Bakristaayo kandi y’okwesiga habwokuba akatunga omugisa ogw’okukozesa ebigambo ebihikiire kimu byonka.”
EMPINDURA ZINU Z’OMUGASO MWINGI
Omulimo Hutter y’akozere ogw’okuhindura gutamugaigahaze habwokuba empindura ze zitatunge akatale. Baitu n’obukiraaba nukwo kiri, empindura ze nkuru muno kandi nahati zikyaine omugaso. Nky’ekyokurorraho, omu mwaka gwa 1661 William Robertson akekebiija empindura ya Hutter ey’Endagaano Empyaka ey’Oruheburaniya yayongera yagiturukya, kandi omu mwaka gwa 1798 Richard Caddick nauwe nukwo y’akozere. Kandi, Hutter obwakaba nahindura kuruga omu rulimi Oruyonaani, nambere yasangaga ebigambo Kyʹri·os ekirukumanyisa Mukama rundi The·osʹ ekirukumanyisa Ruhanga, yatekahoga ibara “Yahwe” (יהוה, JHVH), ekyahandiikirwe obukyabaga kiihirwe omu Ndagaano Enkuru, rundi nambere yaroraga ngu ibara lya Ruhanga Yahwe lisemeriire kuba. Kinu kikuru kumanya habwokuba empindura enyingi ez’Endagaano Empyaka tizikozesa ibara lya Ruhanga baitu empindura ya Hutter n’eyoleka ngu kihikire kukozesa ibara lya Ruhanga n’omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani.
Obwolyongera kusanga ibara lya Ruhanga, Yahwe, omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani rundi omu bugambo obwa hansi omu Reference Bible, oijukege omulimo Elias Hutter y’akozere hamu n’empindura ze enungi ez’Oruheburaniya.
^ kac. 7 Rora akanyunyuzi akakabiri aka Ezekyeri 18:4 hamu n’ebyongiirweho 3B omu Reference Bible.
^ kac. 9 Ky’amananu, abantu abandi baali bahindwire Baibuli y’Endagaano Empyaka omu Ruheburaniya. Omu hali bo akaba nayetwa Simon Atoumanos ow’akaba aroho omu mwaka gwa 1360. Ondi akaba musaija Omugirimaani ayetwaga Oswald Schreckenfuchs ayali aroho omu mwaka 1565. Baibuli ezibahindwire zitaterwe kandi zikahika zabura.