Ndidụn̄ọde Mme N̄kpọuto Chester Beatty

“ỌDỌN̄Ọ ekese n̄kpọuto emi ẹkedude ke mme obio ntatenyịn oro ẹma ẹkebe ẹfep, . . . onyụn̄ enyene ata ndiye mbiet ye mbuwed.” Ntem ke R. J. Hayes, akani ekpeme n̄kpọeset eketịn̄ ibio ibio aban̄a Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty emi odude ke Dublin, Ireland. Enye edi itie oro ẹbonde ata ediwak ọsọn̄urua n̄kpọeset, ndiye utomusọ, ye mme n̄wed ọkọrọ ye n̄kani uwetn̄kpọ oro owo mîsọpke ikụt emi ẹsọn̄de urua etieti. Edi, anie ekedi Chester Beatty? Ndien mme n̄kpọuto ewe ke enye ekenyene?

Alfred Chester Beatty, akamana ke 1875 ke New York, U.S.A., mbonubon esie ẹketo Scotland, Ireland, ye England. Etisịm ini emi enye ekedide isua 32, enye ama ọkọ ediwak inyene sia enye ekedide akwa ọdọk n̄kpọ ke isọn̄ ye ọnọitem ke mbubehe udọk n̄kpọ ke isọn̄. Enye ama ada akwa inyene esie ọkọ ata ndiye n̄kpọ ke ofụri eyouwem esie. Ke ini Beatty akakpade ke 1968 ke ama okodu uwem ke isua 92, enye ama ọkpọn̄ ofụri inyene esie ọnọ mbon Ireland.

Nso ke Enye Ekenyene?

Inyene Beatty ẹwak etieti ẹnyụn̄ ẹdi ke utọ ke utọ. Mbahade kiet eke ikie kpọt ke ẹsiwụt ke ini kiet. Enye ama edep ata nti ọsọn̄urua n̄kpọ emi ẹkekamade ke nsio nsio ini, ke ediwak tọsịn isua—ọtọn̄ọde ke Ntọn̄ọ Ntọn̄ọ Eyo Ntatenyịn Europe ye eke ediwak idụt ke Asia ye Africa. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ẹdọhọ ke ndiye mbuwed mbon Japan emi enye ekedepde edi nye-n̄kan ke ererimbot.

Ata ediwak itiatn̄wed mbon Babylon ye eke mbon Sumeria emi ẹnyenede mme abisi ẹbietde ikpafak ẹkam ẹye ẹkan mme utomusọ. Mme owo oro ẹkedụn̄ọde ke Mesopotamia ke isua 4,000 emi ẹkebede ẹma ẹwet n̄kpri n̄kpọ ẹban̄a uwem mmọ ke mbịtmbịt itiatn̄wed, ekem ẹn̄wan mmọ ke ikan̄. Ediwak utọ itiatn̄wed oro ẹsụk ẹdu ẹsịm eyo nnyịn, ẹwụtde in̄wan̄-in̄wan̄ nte ke uwetn̄kpọ ọkọtọn̄ọ toto ke eset.

Enye Ama Ama N̄wed

Etie nte Chester Beatty ama esinen̄ede ama ndise nte ẹnamde ndiye n̄wed. Enye ama edep ata ediwak n̄wed ererimbot ye n̄wed ido ukpono esịnede ata ndiye Koran oro ẹkenen̄erede ẹbana. Ewetn̄wed kiet ọdọhọ ke “nte ẹketịmde uwetn̄kpọ Arabic ke nde ke nde ama akpa enye idem, . . . ndien enye ama enen̄ede ama uduot gold oro ẹkedade ẹwet ndiye ubọkn̄wed ke ikpan̄wed e-sịdibe ye mme nyayama n̄kpọ eken.”

Chester Beatty ama enen̄ede ama ọsọn̄urua itiat ẹkotde jade, kpa nte ndusụk ikpọ ndidem China ẹkemade ọsọn̄urua itiat emi ediwak isua ikie ke mbemiso. Mmọ ẹkeda eti jade nte ata ọsọn̄urua itiat, emi ọsọn̄de urua akan gold. Mme andikara emi ẹma ẹdọhọ nta mme anamusọ ẹsiak eboho jade ẹnam enye akabade edi ndọnọ ndọnọ mfefere mbatmbat itiat. Nta mme anamusọ ẹma ẹsiwet ndiye ubọkn̄wed ye mme mbuwed ẹyọhọ mbatmbat jade emi ẹnyụn̄ ẹda gold ẹduọk, ke ntre ẹnamde ata ndiye n̄wed oro akanam ẹdude. Mme n̄wed Beatty emi ẹnen̄ede ẹwọrọ etop ẹkan ke ofụri ererimbot.

Mme Ọsọn̄urua Uwetn̄kpọ Bible

Amaedi mbon oro ẹmade Bible, ẹda ediwak uwetn̄kpọ Bible eset ye eke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ eyo ntatenyịn nte mme n̄kponn̄kan n̄kpọuto emi Chester Beatty ekenyenede. Ndiye ikpan̄wed emi ẹwụt ime ye usọ mme ewetn̄wed emi ẹkesion̄ode mmọ ẹwet ke  ubọk. Mme n̄wed oro ẹmịn̄de-mịn̄ ẹwụt usọ emi mme adian-n̄wed ye mme emịn̄n̄wed ẹkenyenede. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Anton Koberger, emi okodude uwem ke ukem ini ye Johannes Gutenberg, emi ẹdọhọde ke edi “kiet ke otu akpan ye ifịk ifịk mme emịn̄n̄wed eset,” ekemịn̄ Biblia Latina ke 1479 ke Nuremberg.

N̄wọrọnda n̄kpọ kiet ke Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty edi akani ediye uwetn̄kpọ ikpaenan̄, oro Ephraem, eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Syria ekewetde. Ephraem okot ediwak ini oto n̄wed eke ọyọhọ isua ikie iba oro ẹkotde Diatessaron. Tatian, kpa andiwet n̄wed oro, akatan̄ mbụk Gospel inan̄ ẹban̄ade uwem Jesus Christ adian anam enye akabade edi mbụk kiet. Mme ewetn̄wed oro ẹketienede ẹma ẹsitịn̄ ẹtụk Diatessaron, edi ndomokiet idụhe aba. Ndusụk nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ eke ọyọhọ isua ikie 19 ẹma ẹkam ẹyịk m̀mê enye ama ododu. Nte ededi, ke 1956, Beatty ama ọfiọhọ n̄wed usiakikọ emi Ephraem ekewetde aban̄a Diatessaron, emi Tatian ekewetde—kpa uyarade efen efen oro owụtde ke Bible edi n̄wed akpanikọ.

Mme Ọsọn̄urua N̄kani Uwetn̄kpọ Ikpan̄wed N̄kukịp

Beatty ama edep n̄ko ata ediwak n̄kani uwetn̄kpọ ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp eke ererimbot ye eke ido ukpono. Ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp oro ẹwakde ẹbe 50 ẹma ẹdu mbemiso ọyọhọ isua ikie inan̄ E.N. Ẹkeda ndusụk ikpan̄wed emi ẹto ikpọ otu ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp—akpan akpan mme n̄wed oro ẹkeduọn̄ọde—emi ẹkebụhọde ke mme desat Egypt ediwak isua ikie ye unana owo ndifiọk. Ediwak ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp emi ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹwaha ke ini ẹkemende mmọ ẹdi ndinyam. Mme anyam n̄wed ẹma ẹsimen n̄kani ikpan̄wed ke ekebe oro ẹdade nsọsọn̄ babru ẹnam ẹdi ndinyam. Charles Horton, ekpeme N̄kpọeset Ẹdade Ẹto Edem Usoputịn ke Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty ọdọhọ ete: “Mbon oro ẹkenyenede udọn̄ ndidep mme n̄wed ẹkekam ẹnyene ndisịn ubọk ke ekebe oro nsio enye emi okokponde akan emi ẹkewetde ediwak n̄kpọ ke esịt.”

Horton ọdọhọ ke “n̄wed oro ekedide n̄wọrọnda akan,” ekedi mme ọsọn̄urua Bible oro “ẹkesịnede ndusụk mbịghi-n̄kan Akani ye Obufa Testament eke mme Christian.” Ekeme ndidi mme anyam n̄wed oro ẹkediọn̄ọde ufọn ikpan̄wed emi ẹkewai mme n̄wed oro man ẹnyam ẹnọ nsio nsio mbon udep. Nte ededi, Beatty ama edep ata ediwak ke otu emi. Edi mme n̄wed emi ẹdi akpan n̄kpọ adan̄a didie? Sir Frederic Kenyon ọdọhọ ke edifiọhọ mmọ “enen̄ede edi ata n̄wọrọnda n̄kpo” toto nte Tischendorf ọkọfiọhọ N̄wed Sinai ke 1844.

Ẹkewet mmọ ke ufọt ọyọhọ isua ikie iba ye ọyọhọ isua ikie inan̄ E.N. Ikpan̄wed n̄wed Genesis iba ẹdu ke otu mme N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew emi ẹdude ke Septuagint Usem Greek. Kenyon ọdọhọ ke mme n̄wed emi ẹnyene san̄asan̄a ufọn, “koro ata akamba ikpehe ke n̄wed [Genesis] idụhe ke ediye ikpan̄wed ikpaenan̄ Vatican ye eke Sinai,” eke ọyọhọ isua ikie inan̄. N̄wed ita ẹsịne N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek. Kiet esịne akamba ubak Gospel inan̄ ye akamba ubak n̄wed Utom. Ọyọhọ n̄wed iba, emi enyenede mme ikọn̄ efen oro Beatty ekedepde ke ukperedem, esịne kpukpru leta apostle Paul, esịnede leta oro enye ekewetde ọnọ ẹsọk mme Hebrew. Ọyọhọ n̄wed ita esịne mbahade ita eke n̄wed Ediyarade. Nte Kenyon ọdọhọde, mme ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp emi “ẹnọ ata ata uyarade ndisọn̄ọ mbuọtidem nnyịn—kpa mbuọtidem oro ama ọkọsọsọn̄—ke nte Obufa Testament ẹdide ẹdisịm nnyịn.”

 Mme ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp Bible eke Chester Beatty ẹwụt ke mme Christian ẹma ẹbak ẹtọn̄ọ ndida n̄wed, m̀mê mme n̄wed oro ẹnyenede ikọn̄, utu ke ikpan̄wed oro ọkọsọn̄de ndikama, ẹnam n̄kpọ ke ata eset, eyedi mbemiso utịt akpa isua ikie E.N. Mme ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp oro ẹwụt n̄ko nte ke ini mme n̄kpọ uwetn̄kpọ mîkawakke, mme ewetn̄wed ẹma ẹsiwak ndifiak nda n̄kani ikpan̄wed n̄wet n̄kpọ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ẹda “se itiede nte n̄wed ufọkn̄wed emi esịnede ido udian ibat mbon Greek” ẹwet akani ikpan̄wed mbon Copt emi esịnede ubak Gospel John.

Mme ikpan̄wed n̄kukịp emi inen̄ekede iye, edi mmọ ẹsọn̄ urua. Mmọ ẹdi ata ata mme n̄kpọ oro ẹkụtde ke enyịn, emi ẹnyenede ebuana ye ntọn̄ọ Ido Ukpono Christ. Charles Horton ọdọhọ ete: “Ke mme ikpan̄wed emi, afo emekeme ndikụt mme utọ n̄wed oro ata akpa mme Christian ẹkenyenede—mme n̄wed oro mmọ ẹkedade ke n̄kpọuto.” (Mme N̄ke 2:4, 5) Edieke afo enyenede ifet ndidụn̄ọde mme n̄kpọuto emi ke Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty, ini oro afo abiatde anam ndụn̄ọde emi ididịghe ikpîkpu.

[Ndise ke page 31]

Ndiye mbuwed Japan eke Katsushika Hokusai

[Ndise ke page 31]

“Biblia Latina” ekesịne ke otu akpa mme Bible oro ẹkemịn̄de

[Ndise ke page 31]

N̄wed usiakikọ emi Ephraem ekewetde aban̄a “Diatessaron” emi Tatian ekewetde, ọsọn̄ọ ke Bible edi akpanikọ

[Ndise ke page 31]

Chester Beatty P45, kpa mbịghi-n̄kan n̄wed ke ererimbot, esịne akamba ubak Gospel inan̄ ye akamba ubak n̄wed Utom ke eboho kiet

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 29]

Mme Akamautom Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty, Dublin, ẹkenọ unyịme ẹfiak ẹmịn̄

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 31]

Kpukpru ndise: Mme Akamautom Itie Ubon N̄wed Chester Beatty, Dublin ẹkenọ unyịme ẹfiak ẹmịn̄