BaAnabaptisti Baali ni Bani?

ABENI mu musumba wa Münster ku Westphalia, mu Germany, ilingi line balatamba fikasalanga fitatu ifya fyela ifyakobekwa pa lupungu lwe calici. Pa myaka mupepi na 500 iyo ifi fikasalanga fyakobekwa apa, ni nshiku fye isha kupenda bafikobwelepo. Kale muli ifi fikasalanga, mwali ifitumbi fya bantu batatu abo bacushishe no kwipaila pa lwalaala. Aba baume bali ni baAnabaptisti, kabili fikasalanga, fya kwibukishishapo ubufumu bwabo.

Bushe baAnabaptisti baali ni bani? Bushe akabungwe kabo katendeke shani? Bushe ifikalamba balesambilisha finshi? Cinshi calengele aba baume ukwipaiwa? Kabili kwampana nshi kwaba pali ifi fikasalanga fitatu no bufumu?

Bushe Icalici Lyali no Kwalulwa Shani?

Ku kupwa kwa ba1400 na ku kutendeka kwa ba1500, ukusuusha Icalici lya Roma Katolika na bashimapepo kwalikulileko. Ububifi na bucisenene fyaiswile fye calici lyonse; e ico, abengi balefwaya kube ukwaluka kukalamba. Mu 1517, Martin Luther alandiile pa lwalaala ati kube ukwaluka, kabili ilyo bambi baleilunda ku kupaashanya, e mo na Bumwaluka bwa baProtestanti bwatendekele.

Lelo abalefwaya ukupindulula ifintu tabaumfwene ifyo bali no kucita nelyo apaali no kupelela ukwalulula balefwaya. Abengi balishibe ubucindami bwa kukonka ifyo Baibolo yalanda pa kupepa. Lelo abalefwaya ukwalula ifintu bafililwe fye no kulanda akanwa kamo mu kulondolola ifyaba muli Baibolo. Bamo baletila Ukwaluka kwalekokola sana. Kabili mu kati ka aba bene abalefwaya ukwalula ifintu e mwafumine akabungwe ka baAnabaptisti.

Hans-Jürgen Goertz, uwalembele icitabo ca Die Täufer—Geschichte und Deutung, atile: “Ukuba kwena, takwali fye akabungwe kamo aka balebatisha; kwali utwingi.” Ku ca kumwenako, mu 1521, abaume bane abaleitwa ati bakasesema ba ku Zwickau balengele icimfundawila mu Wittenberg pantu balesambilisha filya baAnabaptisti balesambilisha. Kabili mu 1525 akalibumba ka baAnabaptisti kalipangilwe mu Zurich, mu calo ca Switzerland. BaAnabaptisti balifikile na mu Moravia—mu calo beta nomba ati Czech Republic—e lyo na mu Netherlands.

Ulubatisho—Bushe lwa Bana Nelyo lwa Bakalamba?

Imishi ya baAnabaptisti ilingi line yaleba fye iinono, na baleya ku mapepo yabo bali ba mutende. Abalepepako tabalefisa ifyo basuminemo; na kuba, baleshimikilako abantu bambi. Ifikalamba ifyo basuminemo fyalembelwe mu lupapulo baleita ati Schleitheim Confession mu mwaka wa 1527. Pa fyo basuminemo, pali no kukanaingila ubushilika, ukukanaba ulubali lwa calo, no kutamfya imbifi mu cilonganino. Lelo icacilile fyonse ifyo basuminemo, kabili icalekenye baAnabaptisti ku mipepele imbi, kusumina mu kubatisha abakalamba, te bana abanono iyo. *

Ulubatisho lwa bakalamba talwakumine fye ifya mapepo; lwakumine no kuteeka. Nga ca kutila abantu balebatishiwa ku bukalamba—ukuleka abene baisalila umwabela icitetekelo cabo—bamo limbi nga tabalebatishiwa na kubatishiwa. Na bantu bashabatishiwe, ninshi kwena tabaali na kutungululwa ne calici. Ukubatisha abakalamba mu macalici yamo yamo kwali no kulenga yene ukuwa.

E ico, baKatolika kumo na baLutheran balefwaya ukulesha uyu musango wa kubatisha  abakalamba. Pa numa ya mwaka wa 1529, mu ncende shimo shimo, abalebatisha abakalamba, nelyo ababatishiwe ku bukalamba baleipaiwa. Kalemba wa lyashi Thomas Seifert alondolola ukutila baAnabaptisti “balipakeswe icabipa mu Buteeko bwa Mushilo Ubwa Roma Ubwa Calo ca Germany.” Mu musumba wa Münster e mo ukupakasa kwabipishe.

Abekashi ba mu Münster wa ku Kale Bafwaya Ukwaluka

Umusumba wa ku kale uwa Münster wakwete abekashi 10,000 kabili wacingililwe bwino sana ku kusansa kwa balwani mu nshila shalekanalekana, no bu bucingo bwali bamita 90 mu kusaalala na bakilomita 5 ukushinguluko musumba. Kumfwa mu kati, tamwali mutende nge fyali ubucingo bwa uko. Ulupapulo lwa The Kingdom of the Anabaptists, ulwalembwa na ba City Museum of Münster, lulanda pa “kukansanina ukuteeka pa kati ke bumba lyalepanga amafunde mu musumba na kabungwe ka basulwishi na bacenjela ku milimo.” Kabinge, abekashi balifulilwe pa misango ya bashimapepo. Abekashi ba mu Münster bapokelele Ukwaluka kabili mu mwaka wa 1533 balekele ukuba baKatolika no kusanguka baLutheran.

Umo pa bakalamba balecincisha abantu ukwaluka mu Münster ni Bernhard Rothmann, uwali uwasuswa ukucita ifintu. Kalemba wa citabo, Friedrich Oehninger alondolola ifyali Rothmann ukuti “aishileba Anabaptisti umwine mwine; wene ne fibusa fyakwe bakeene ukubatisha utunya.” Aishiletemwikwa ku bantu mu Münster, nangu line ifyo alecita fimo fyalicililemo. “Abengi abatemenwe ifyo ifintu fyali kale bafumine mu musumba, pantu ukuba mu musumba kwalibafinine kabili bale-enekela ifyabipa ukucitika. BaAnabaptisti bakonkomokele ku Münster ukufuma mu mpanga shonse, ukusuubila ukuti limbi bakasanga ico bafwaya.” Icacitike pa mulandu wa kubungana pamo ukwa baAnabaptisti calibipile nga nshi.

Yerusalemu Mupya Ashingulukwa

Abaume bafumine ku Netherlands ukwisa ku Münster—Jan Mathys, uwalefumbika umukate uwafumine ku Haarlem, na Jan Beukelson uo baleita ati John wa ku Leiden—e bali no kuba basolwesolwe mu fyali no kucitika. Mathys aishileitunga ati kasesema kabili abilishe ati mu April 1534 e lyo ukwisa kwa bubili ukwa kwa Kristu kwali no kubako. Umusumba bawinike ishina lya musumba walumbulwa mu Baibolo, Yerusalemu Mupya, kabili abantu bonse balelanda fye pa kupwa kwa calo. Rothmann apingwile ukutila ifikwatwa fyonse filebomfiwa na bantu bonse. Abacilile umushinku wa bwaice mu musumba bali no kusalapo cimo: Ukubatishiwa nelyo ukufuma mu musumba. Mu mbatisho sha bantu abengi mwaleba na bantu balebatishiwilwa fye ico cine pa kuti bekuuka mu musumba no kusha mayanda yabo ne fikwatwa.

Bambi calibakalipe sana ukumona uko umusumba wa Münster wasangwike umusumba wa kubalilapo umwali baAnabaptisti abengi no kuteeka e baleteeka. Ukulingana ne buuku lya Die Täufer zu Münster, ici cintu calengele “Ubuteeko bwa Mushilo Ubwa Roma Ubwa Calo ca Germany ukufulilwa abekashi ba mu Münster.” Shimucindikwa wa cikaya, Prince-Bishop Count Franz von Waldeck, alonganike umulalo wa fita uwa kushinga umusumba wa Münster. Abali muli ulya mulalo wa fita ni baLutheran na baKatolika. Aya macalici yabili, ayali kale pa bulwani mu nshita ya Kwaluka kabili ayaali no kutampa ukulwa inkondo nomba line yali no kupoosa imyaka 30, yalikatene ukulwisha baAnabaptisti.

Ukonaula Ubufumu bwa baAnabaptisti

Abashilika bashingile umusumba tabalengele abena musumba abaali mwi linga ukuba no munsokwe. Mu April 1534, inshita baleti Kristu aali  no kubwela, Mathys afumiine ku nse ya musumba pali kabalwe wabuuta, kabili aleenekela Lesa ukumucingilila. Elenganyeni ifyo abantu ba kwa Mathys babipilwe pa fyo bamwene ilyo baalengeele pa muulu wa cibumba ca musumba no kumona uko abashilika bashingile umusumba bakomawile Mathys tupimfya tupimfya no kukobeka umutwe wakwe ku cimuti.

Uwapyene Mathys ni John wa ku Leiden kabili bamwinike ati Imfumu Jan iya baAnabaptisti mu Münster. Afwaile ukuceefya impendwa ya banakashi abashimbe mu musumba, abali abengi ukucila abaume. E ico, akoseleshe abaume ukuupa abanakashi apo balefwaila. Ukulangilila ifyo ubumbimunda bwali mu Bufumu bwa baAnabaptisti mu Münster, abacende na balalelale baleipaiwa, lelo ukuupe mpali kwena kwalisuminishiwe, kabili e co balekoselesha no kukoselesha. Nga ni Mfumu Jan yena, yakwete abakashi 16. Ilyo umukashi wa iko umo, Elisabeth Wandscherer alombele ukufuma mu musumba, amuputwile umutwe pa menso ya bantu.

Ukushinga umusumba kwapoosele imyeshi 14, mpaka mu June 1535 ilyo basukile baupoka. Umusumba wa Münster walyonawilwe icibi ica kuti ukonaulwa waonawilwe takwatalile akubako na kabili mpaka ubonaushi na bumbi bwacitike mu Nkondo ya Calo iya bubili. Rothmann alipuswike lelo Imfumu Jan na bakalamba babili aba baAnabaptisti baliketwe, ukucushiwa, no kwipaiwa. Imibili yabo yabikilwe muli fikasalanga no kuininika pa muulu pa lupungu lwaba pa St. Lambert’s Church. Seifert alondolola ukutila ifi “fyali no kutiinya bonse abalefwaya ukuba bandetamisoka.” E ico kanshi, ukuitumpa mu fikansa fya calo e kwabaletelele.

Cinshi cacitikile bambi baAnabaptisti? Ukupakasa kwalitwalilile pa myaka iingi mu fyalo fya mu Bulaya fyonse. BaAnabaptist abengi batwalilile ukukaana ukwingila ubushilika, lelo bamo baitumpile mu nkondo. Umuye nshiku, uwali kale shimapepo Menno Simons aishileba intungulushi ya baAnabaptisti, ne li bumba lyaishileishibikwa ati abena Menno e lyo kabili lyaishibikilwe na ku mashina yambi.

Fikasalanga Fitatu

BaAnabaptisti balitemenwe ifya mapepo sana kabili balefwaya ukukonka ifishinte fya mafunde ya mu Baibolo. Lelo abantu abatemenwe sana ifya calo mu Münster balengele baAnabaptisti ukuleka ukucita ico balefwaya ukucita no kuitumpa mu fikansa fya calo. Ilyo balekele ukukonka ifishinte fya mafunde ya mu Baibolo, basangwike akabungwe ka maka aka kwalule fintu mu calo. E calengele akabungwe ukonaulwa kumo no musumba wa kale uwa Münster.

Abatandalila umusumba balacinkulwako ulwa fya bukatu ifyacitike imyaka mupepi na 500 iyapita. Bacinkulwako shani? Na fikasalanga fya cela fitatu ifyakobekwa pa muulu wa lupungu lwe calici.

[Futunoti]

[Ifikope pe bula 13]

Imfumu Jan yalicushiwe, ukwipaiwa, no kukobekwa pa muulu wa lupungu lwa pa St. Lambert’s Church