Medical Information for Clinicians

Citations of peer-reviewed articles from leading medical journals that present evidence in support of clinical strategies to preempt allogeneic blood transfusion in a variety of medical and surgical settings.

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Important Adjustment Regarding Primary Blood Components

On September 18, 2026, Jehovah’s Witnesses announced that each Witness patient personally decides whether to accept transfusions of allogeneic (donor) red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, or platelets. Their religious position against the transfusion of whole blood, based on the Biblical command to “abstain from blood,” remains unchanged.—Acts 15:20.

Jehovah’s Witnesses continue to regard life and blood as sacred gifts from God. Decisions involving primary blood components are matters of individual conscience for each Witness patient.

This adjustment extends the principle of personal decision-making, which has already been applied to plasma-derived therapies and autologous blood management, to the use of primary blood components. Clinicians should therefore consult each Witness patient directly and ensure that the patient’s individual decisions are clearly documented and respected.

Jehovah’s Witnesses deeply appreciate compassionate clinicians who provide high-quality care while respecting their patients’ values and treatment preferences. Upon request, Hospital Liaison Committees will continue to assist these patients and the clinicians who care for them.

Jehovah’s Witnesses number more than nine million worldwide and are active in over 200 lands.

 

Featured Articles

Hospital policy of tranexamic acid to reduce transfusion in major noncardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Houston BL, McIsaac DI, Breau RH, Kanji S, Greenstreet P, Andrews M, Avramescu S, Bagry HS, Balshaw R, Daya J, Duncan K, Harle CC, Jacobsohn E, Kerelska T, Pitz M, Komenda P, McIsaac S, Ramsay T, Saha T, Tinmouth A, Recio A, Szoke D, Tenenbein M, Slagerman S, Solvason D, Talarico R, Fergusson DA, Zarychanski R

Source‎: N Engl J Med 2026;394(24):2419-28.

Romiplostim versus placebo for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. (opens new window)

Al-Samkari H, Muñoz C, Geredeli Ç, Korantzis I, González Astorga B, Arslan C, Cordeiro Camargo JF, Scotté F, Borges G, Wang K, Eisen M, Kuter DJ, Soff GA

Source‎: N Engl J Med 2026;394(11):1061-73.

Multidisciplinary blood conservation practices for transfusion-free congenital heart surgery. (opens new window)

Carrillo SA, Chenault K, Naguib AN, Voss J, Kelly M, Shutes B, Fitch JA, Blais B, Yerebakan C, Galantowicz M

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2026;172(1):209-15.

Anemia of critical illness: a concise definitive review in critical care. (opens new window)

Corwin HL, Napolitano LM

Source‎: Crit Care Med 2026;54(2):343-53.

Perioperative paediatric patient blood management: a narrative review. (opens new window)

Goobie SM, Faraoni

Source‎: Br J Anaesth 2025;134(1):168-79.

A retrospective, real-world study of IV iron use to treat iron deficiency anemia during acute infection. (opens new window)

Sohail H, Collins JE, Chan KH, Alamgir MA, Kamran A

Source‎: Blood 2026:blood.2025031965.

Preservation of platelet function after intraoperative cell salvage using the i-SEP Same device in cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Blum LV, Sertdere F, Iken S, Lotz G, Nordine M, Hecker F, von Knethen A, Friedrichson B, Rausch J, Zacharowski K, Heinicke U

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2026;40(1):38-48.

The effect of prophylactic use of antifibrinolytics during pediatric non-cardiac surgeries on bleeding and transfusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (opens new window)

Hickey KS, Smith M, Karam O, Demetres M, Faraoni D, Duron V, Wu YS, Nellis ME

Source‎: Paediatr Anaesth 2025;35(8):668-83.

Bloodless heart transplantation in patients who refuse transfusion: an 11-year case series. (opens new window)

Hozain AE, Johnson B, Leiva O, Hamzat I, Wilson M, Jain S, Wheelwright MH, Nordgren R, Nguyen A, Kim GH, Kanwar MK, Salerno CT, Jeevanandam V

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2026;171(1):241-50.

Exploring myths of perioperative autologous red blood cell salvage. (opens new window)

Kaufman M, Jahr JS, Klompas AM, Perelman S, Raphael J, Tan GM, Frank SM, Waters JH, Warner MA

Source‎: Anesthesiology 2025;143(5):1357-70.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for thrombocytopenia in pediatric hematologic malignancies. (opens new window)

Marinoff AE, Thrall A, Aaronson K, Braun BS, Castellanos M, Chu J, Hermiston M, Huang BJ, Levinson A, Southworth E, Winger BA, Olshen A, Stieglitz E

Source‎: Pediatr Blood Cancer 2025;72(3):e31528.

Outcomes of nontransfusable and transfusable patients after major noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. (opens new window)

Lucas M, Stoll R, Döbel KU, Spenner A, Trentino KM, Murray K, Seeber P

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2025.

Clinical Strategies

Medicine and Surgery

Clinical strategies for managing hemorrhage and anemia without allogeneic blood transfusion.

Pediatrics

Clinical strategies for managing neonatal and pediatric patients without allogeneic blood transfusion.

Diseases and Conditions

Clinical strategies for managing specific diseases or conditions without allogeneic blood transfusion.

Bioethics and Law

Ethical, legal, and social factors for health-care professionals to consider when treating Jehovah’s Witnesses.

Cost-Effectiveness

Cost-effectiveness of clinical strategies to manage and conserve a patient’s own blood.

Contact Local Representative

Contact local representatives who provide free assistance to clinicians treating Jehovah’s Witnesses.