ibrani shastra mein parmeshvar ka naam kareeb 7,000 baar aata hai. yah naam in chaar ibrani aksharon se likha jaata hai, יהוה (y-h-v-h). is nayi duniya anuvad bible mein in ibrani aksharon ka anuvad “yahova” kiya gaya hai. bible mein jitne bhi naam diye gaye hain, unmein sabse zyada baar “yahova” ka naam aaya hai. bible ke lekhkon ne parmeshvar ke liye “sarvashaktiman,” “param-pradhan” aur “prabhu” jaisi kai upadhiyaan istemal ki hain, lekin parmeshvar ka naam batane ke liye unhonne ibrani ke in chaar aksharon ka hi istemal kiya.

yahova parmeshvar ne khud bible ke lekhkon ko prerit kiya ki woh uske naam ka istemal karein. udahran ke liye, usne bhavishyavakta yoel ko pavitra shakti se udhaara aur yah likhvaya, “jo koi yahova ka naam pukarta hai woh uddhaar paayega.” (yoel 2:32) parmeshvar ne bhajan ke ek lekhak se likhvaya, “log jaanein ki sirf tu jiska naam yahova hai, saari dharti ke oopar param-pradhan hai.” (bhajan 83:18) agar sirf bhajnon ki kitab ki baat karein, to ismein parmeshvar ka naam kareeb 700 baar aata hai. yah kitab kavita ki shaili mein likhi gayi thi aur parmeshvar ke log ismein diye geet gaate aur munh-zabani sunate the. to fir saval uthta hai ki bible ke kai anuvadon mein parmeshvar ka naam kyon nahin diya gaya? nayi duniya anuvad (angrezee) mein parmeshvar ke naam ke liye angrezee uchcharan “jehova” kyon istemal kiya gaya hai? aur parmeshvar ke naam ka kya matlab hai?

bible ke kai anuvadon mein parmeshvar ka naam kyon nahin diya gaya? iski kai vajah hain. kuch logon ko lagta hai ki sarvashaktiman parmeshvar ko apni pehchan batane ke liye kisi khaas naam ki zaroorat nahin. doosron ne pracheen yahoodi parampara maante huye parmeshvar ka naam nahin likha kyonki shaayad unhein dar tha ki aisa karne se woh us naam ko apavitra kar rahe honge. aur kuch logon ka maanna hai ki “prabhu” ya “parmeshvar” jaisi upadhiyaan istemal karna zyada sahi hai kyonki parmeshvar ke naam ka sahi-sahi uchcharan koi nahin jaanta. lekin in daleelon ka koi thos aadhar nahin, jaise ki aage bataya gaya hai:

• jin logon ka kehna hai ki sarvashaktiman parmeshvar ko kisi khaas naam ki zaroorat nahin, woh is baat ko nazarandaz karte hain ki parmeshvar ke vachan ki shuroo ki hastlipiyon mein uska naam milta hai, jinmein se kuch hastalipiyaan maseeh ke zamane se bhi pehale ki hain. jaisa ki shuroo mein bataya gaya hai, parmeshvar ne hi bible ke lekhkon ko udhaara ki uska naam kareeb 7,000 baar likha jaaye. isse saaf pata chalta hai ki parmeshvar chahta hai ki hum uska naam jaanein aur use istemal karein.

• jin anuvadakon ne yahoodi parampara ko maante huye parmeshvar ka naam apne anuvadon se hata diya woh ek aham baat samajhne se chook gaye. woh yah ki kuch yahoodi shaastri bhale hi parmeshvar ka naam apni zaban par nahin laate the, magar unhonne bible ki nakalein taiyar karte vakt parmeshvar ka naam nahin hataya tha. mrit saagar ke paas kumran ki gufaon mein mile pracheen kharron mein yah naam kai jagahon par aaya hai. kuch angrezee baaibalon mein jahaan-jahaan “yahova” naam aana chahiye vahaan anuvadakon ne “prabhu” shabd bade aksharon mein likh diya aur is tarah ek surag diya ki un jagahon par mool paath mein yahova naam diya gaya hai. magar ab bhi ek saval baaki hai: jab anuvadak khud kabool karte hain ki bible ke mool paath mein yahova ka naam hazaron baar aata hai, to fir unhonne apni marzee se parmeshvar ka naam kyon hata diya ya uski jagah upadhiyaan kyon daal di? kisne unhein aisa karne ka adhikar diya? javab sirf woh hi de sakte hain.

• jo log kehte hain ki parmeshvar ke naam ka sahi-sahi uchcharan koi nahin jaanta isliye uska istemal nahin kiya jaana chahiye, unhein yeeshu ka naam lene mein koi etraz nahin hai jabki zyadatar isai yeeshu naam ka jis tarah uchcharan karte hain woh pehali sadi ke uchcharan se bilkul alag hai. yahoodi maseehi shaayad yeeshu ke naam ka uchcharan yeshua karte the aur upadhi “khrist” ka uchcharan masheeak yaani “maseeha” karte the. vahin yoonani bolnevale maseehi use isuas khristaus aur laatini bolnevale maseehi yaasus kristus kehte the. parmeshvar ki prerna se likhi bible mein yeeshu ke naam ka yoonani uchcharan darz kiya gaya kyonki us samay yoonani aam bhasha thi. isse pata chalta hai ki pehali sadi ke maseehiyon ne vahi uchcharan istemal kiya jo us zamane mein aam tha aur aisa karke unhonne samajhdari ka kaam kiya. usi tarah ‘nayi duniya bible anuvad samiti’ ko bhi angrezee mein “jehova” istemal karna sahi lagta hai, fir chahe pracheen ibrani bhasha mein uska uchcharan theek isi tarah na kiya gaya ho.

nayi duniya anuvad (angrezee) mein parmeshvar ke naam ke liye angrezee uchcharan “jehova” kyon istemal kiya gaya hai? ibrani ke in chaar aksharon יהוה ke liye hindi mein ye chaar vyanjan likhe jaate hain, y-h-v-h. pracheen ibrani bhasha likhte vakt ismein swar nahin jode jaate the, isliye in chaar ibrani aksharon mein bhi koi swar nahin joda gaya. jab yah bhasha har din istemal mein thi, tab padhnevale jaante the ki kis shabd mein kaun-saa swar lagana hai.

ibrani shastra ke likhe jaane ke kareeb 1,000 saal baad, yahoodi vidvanon ne sahi swaron ke saath ise padhne ka ek tareeka nikaala. unhonne swar-chinh taiyar kiye taaki pata chale ki falaan shabdon mein kaun-se swar lagakar padhna hai. magar usi dauran kai yahoodiyon mein yah andhavishvas fail gaya ki parmeshvar ka naam zaban par laana galat hai aur woh parmeshvar ke naam ki jagah upadhiyaan vagairah istemal karne lage. isliye aisa maaloom hota hai ki vidvanon ne ibrani ke chaar vyanjanon ki nakaal banate vakt unmein woh swar jod diye jo upadhiyon mein aate the. isliye un hastlipiyon mein diye swar-chinhon se hamein pata nahin chal paata ki ibrani mein parmeshvar ke naam ka sahi-sahi uchcharan kya tha. kuch vidvanon ko lagta hai ki parmeshvar ke naam ka sahi uchcharan “yaahve” hai, jabki doosre kuch aur uchcharan batate hain. mrit saagar ke paas laivyavyavastha ki kitab ka ek chhota hissa mila jo yoonani mein likha gaya tha. usmein parmeshvar ke naam ka lipyaantaran karke yaao likha tha yaani ibrani uchcharan ko yoonani aksharon mein likha gaya tha. iske alava, pracheen samay ke yoonani lekhkon ke hisab se parmeshvar ke naam ka uchcharan yaaye, yaabe ya yaaoove kiya jaa sakta hai. lekin iska sahi uchcharan kya hai, is baare mein daave ke saath kuch nahin kaha jaa sakta. darasal hum nahin jaante ki purane samay mein parmeshvar ke sevak ibrani mein uske naam ka uchcharan kaise karte the. (utpatti 13:4; nirgaman 3:15) lekin hum yah zaroor jaante hain ki parmeshvar ne apne logon se baat karte vakt baar-baar apne naam ka istemal kiya tha. uske sevak bhi uska naam lekar use bulate the aur doosron se baat karte vakt bhi bejhijhak uska naam lete the.—nirgaman 6:2; 1 raja 8:23; bhajan 99:9.

to fir angrezee nayi duniya anuvad mein parmeshvar ke naam ke liye “jehova” kyon istemal kiya gaya hai? kyonki angrezee mein yah uchcharan lambe arse se istemal hota aaya hai.

san 1530 mein jab william tyndale ne bible ki pehali paanch kitabon ka angrezee mein anuvad kiya to pehali baar angrezee mein parmeshvar ka naam likha gaya. tyndale ne parmeshvar ke naam ke liye yah vartani istemal ki: “yeoova.” samay ke guzarte angrezee bhasha badalti gayi aur parmeshvar ke naam ki vartani mein bhi nayapan aata gaya. misal ke liye, 1612 mein henri ainsworth ne bhajan ki kitab ke apne anuvad mein har jagah “yehova” istemal kiya. fir 1639 mein, jab uske anuvad ka naya sanskaran nikaala gaya aur bible ki paanch shurooati kitabon ke saath use chhaapa gaya to parmeshvar ke naam ke liye “jehova” istemal kiya gaya. san 1901 mein american standard version bible nikaali gayi to usmein anuvadakon ne un sabhi jagahon par “jehova” istemal kiya jahaan mool ibrani paath mein parmeshvar ka naam aata hai.

bible ke jaane-maane vidvan joseph bryant rotherman samjhate hain ki kyon unhonne apni kitab bhajan sanhita ka adhyan (angrezee) mein “yaahve” ki jagah “jehova” istemal kiya. unki yah kitab 1911 mein chhaapi gayi thi. unhonne kaha ki woh “is naam ka aisa uchcharan istemal karna” chahte the “jisse bible padhnevala aam insan vaakif ho (aur iske istemal par use etraz bhi na ho).” san 1930 mein vidvan a. f. kirkpatrick ne bhi “jehova” naam ke baare mein isi se milti-julti baat kahi, “aaj ke zamane ke vyakran ke vidvan daava karte hain ki is naam ka uchcharan yaahve ya yaahave hona chahiye. magar jehova naam angrezee bhasha mein jad pakad chuka hai. dekha jaaye to yah baat itni maayne nahin rakhti ki parmeshvar ke naam ka sahi uchcharan kya hai, balki yah ki jehova ek naam hai na ki ‘prabhu’ jaisi koi upadhi.” hindi mein parmeshvar ke naam ka uchcharan “yahova” kiya jaata hai. aam taur par hindi baaibalon mein yahi uchcharan paaya jaata hai.

yahova naam ka kya matlab hai? ibrani mein yahova naam ek kriya se nikala hai jiska matlab hai “banna.” kai vidvanon ko lagta hai ki yah kriya batati hai ki koi hai jo bana raha hai. isliye ‘nayi duniya bible anuvad samiti’ parmeshvar ke naam ka yah matlab batati hai, “woh banne ka kaaran hota hai.” is baare mein vidvanon ki alag-alag raay hai isliye hum yah daava nahin kar sakte ki iska sirf yahi matlab hai. magar yah paribhasha yahova par bilkul theek baithti hai kyonki woh sab cheezon ka bananevala hai aur apne maksadon ko poora karnevala parmeshvar hai. usne is vishva, insanon aur swargdooton ki srishti ki hai (ya unke banne ka kaaran hua), saath hi samay ke guzarte woh aise kaam karta aaya hai jisse uski marzee aur uska maksad poora ho.

isliye yahova naam ka sirf woh matlab nahin jo nirgaman 3:14 mein di gayi kriya se milta hai yaani “main woh ban jaaunga jo main banna chahta hoon” ya “main jo saabit hounga woh saabit hounga.” asal mein ye shabd parmeshvar ke naam ka poora-poora matlab nahin dete, balki parmeshvar ke baare mein sirf itna batate hain ki woh apne maksad ko poora karne ke liye haalaat ke mutabik jo zaroori hai woh ban sakta hai. yahova naam ka matlab sirf itna nahin ki woh jo chahe ban sakta hai balki ismein yah bhi shaamil hai ki apne maksad ko poora karne ke liye woh apni srishti ko bhi jo chahe bana sakta hai.